The advantages of liquid chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS) and its practical workflow in water environment monitoring are summarized in this article. The problems confronting the application of LC-HRMS for water monitoring are the shortage of database and lag of prior locking on qualitative targets. It is proposed to establish the corresponding databases, identify the target peaks of qualitative screening, share data resources, establish and perfect the system mechanism of highthroughput targeted monitoring and highthroughput nontargeted screening, by building target chemical databases, purchasing databases that match the instruments from a manufacturer or supplier,and building a characteristic contaminant database with local features, so as to improve the efficiency of the identification process further, and meet the needs of water environmental monitoring.