There are many disadvantages in traditional soil sampling and laboratory analysis, including large workload, complicated pretreatment, timeconsuming, low time efficiency and high cost. Thus its very urgent to find quick and accurate method for soil multiparameter rapid detection in order to quickly acquire and update the multiscale soil parameters. In this paper, the principles and characteristics of portable Xray fluorescence spectroscopy (PXRF), visible and near infrared reflectance spectroscopy (VisNIR), laserinduced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) and arc emission spectroscopy (AES) have been systematically reviewed, as well as their applications in soil multiparameter rapid detection and their research progress. To satisfy the actual needs of high precision and rapid detection of soil multiparameters and delicacy management of soil quality of our country, we suggest, on the basis of improving the existing soil parameter spectrum detection precision and applicability, that realize the fast acquisition and realtime detection of regional soil multiparameters by combining with ICPMS and many other traditional lab methods validation, and integrating with the application of different spectroscopic technologies, chemical metrology, modern information technology and spatial analysis technology.