In October 2019, the surface seawater microplastics samples were collected from six stations in coastal waters of Jiangsu Province (Lianyungang, Yancheng and Nantong) during one voyage, and the particle size, abundance and component distribution of microplastics were monitored and analyzed. The results showed that microplastics pollution existed widely in surface seawater near the coast of Jiangsu Province, and the detection rate of microplastics was 100%. The size distribution of microplastics ranged from 0.02 mm to 4.80 mm, and the proportion of micron grade microplastics was the highest (83.4%). Among the six stations, the proportion of millimeter grade microplastic was highest at station 15 , 24 , 36 ,and 37, and the closer to the coast, the higher the proportion of millimeter grade microplastic was. The abundance of microplastics ranged from 0.06 to 1.18 n/m3, with an average abundance of 0.33 n/m3. The abundance of microplastics at all stations ranked as follows: station 36