Taking a chemical enterprise in Jiangsu as the research object, organic exhaust gas samples and ambient air samples from surrounding residential areas were collected in September and December 2016, and gas chromatographymass spectrometry was used to study the emission and regional pollution characteristics of BTEX (Benzene, Toluene, Oxylene, M/Pxylene and Ethylbenzene), and their health risks to human body were evaluated. The results showed that the mass concentration of benzene at the outlet of organic waste gas of chemical enterprises was the highest, exceeding the limit of emission standard of volatile organic compounds in chemical industry (DB32/3151—2016), and the exceeding rate was 26.4%. The detection rate of BTEX at the air monitoring points around the enterprise exceeded 80%. The mass concentrations of BTEX in autumn and winter were 72.5 μg / m³ and 22.2 μg/m³ respectively, which met the requirements of relevant standards. The mass concentrations of each component from high to low were as follows: Benzene > Toluene > Ethylbenzene > M/Pxylene > Oxylene, which was consistent with the concentration at the exhaust outlet. The average mass concentration of BTEX during the monitoring period was 47.3 μg / m³. Compared with other cities and regions, the concentration of BTEX in the ambient air of the study area was at a medium level. The source of BTEX was studied by ratio analysis, which showed that the ambient air BTEX around chemical enterprises mainly came from local emission sources, and also came from the impact of traffic emissions, fossil fuel combustion and other pollution sources. The noncarcinogenic risk value of single component of BTEX was within the safety range, and the noncarcinogenic risk value of BTEX at each sampling point was far less than 1, indicating that the noncarcinogenic risk of BTEX in the ambient air around the chemical enterprise during the monitoring period was negligible. The carcinogenic risk value of benzene was in the range of 7.33 × 10^-6～7.49 × 10^-5, more than 10^-6, exhibiting a certain risk of cancer. Benzene is a class 1 carcinogen, and source control measures should be taken to avoid health risks.