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| 摘要: |
| 以上海交通最为繁忙的隧道之一的邯郸路隧道为研究对象，设计了隧道内（进口、中段、出口）机动车NH<sub>3</sub>排放因子测定实验和隧道外（垂直于隧道口310 m范围内）机动车NH<sub>3</sub>排放环境扩散梯度实验。隧道内实验结果表明，隧道出口的ρ（NH<sub>3</sub>）分别是隧道进口和外围环境质量浓度的5倍和11倍，机动车NH<sub>3</sub>排放因子（平均值±标准差）为（28±5）mg/km。据此估算，2014年上海机动车的NH<sub>3</sub>排放总量约为1 300 t，占该市NH<sub>3</sub>排放量的12%。梯度实验表明，邯郸路隧道出口处的机动车NH<sub>3</sub>排放一旦扩散到大气中，其对环境的影响强度在短短数十米内迅速降低，超过150 m的范围后影响基本趋同。证实了在交通路网密集的城市，机动车是大气环境NH<sub>3</sub>的重要来源，进而对城市颗粒物污染有潜在贡献。 |
| 关键词: 氨气 机动车 上海 源排放 隧道 |
| DOI： |
| 分类号:X823 |
| 文献标识码:B |
| 基金项目:国家自然科学基金资助项目（41705100）；江苏省自然科学基金青年资助项目（BK20170946）；江苏省高等学校自然科学研究面上基金资助项目（17KJB170011）；上海市浦东新区科技发展基金资助项目（PKJ2016-C01） |
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| Study on the Contribution of Vehicles to Ammonia Emission of Shanghai Atmospheric Environment Based on Tunnel Method |
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ZOU Zhong，CHANG Yun hua
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| Abstract: |
| One of the heavily trafficked urban tunnes (Handan tunnel) in Shanghai was taken as the object of this study. Vehicular emission of ammonia has been determined in the tunnel (the entrance, the middle section and the exit). The environmental diffusive gradients experiment on vehicular emission of ammonia from the outside of the tunnel (along a roadside transect spanning 310 m perpendiculars to the tunnel) has been taken as well. Results showed that NH<sub>3</sub> concentrations (mean ± 1σ) at the tunnel exit were over 5 and 11 times higher than those at the tunnel entrance and in the ambient air, respectively. Based on the derived mileage based NH<sub>3</sub> emission factor of (28±5) mg/km, the vehicles in Shanghai produced around 13 000 t NH<sub>3</sub> in 2014, which accounted for 12% of total NH<sub>3</sub> emissions in the urban area. The gradient experiment showed that with the diffusion of ammonia at the exit of the tunnel, the impact of ammonia on the environment decreaseed quickly in tens of meters. This study clearly shows that vehicle emissions in urban areas with intensive traffic network are an important NH<sub>3</sub>source and may have potential implications for particles pollution in the urban atmosphere. |
| Key words: NH3 Vehicles Shanghai Source emission Tunnel |
