Road dust samples were collected during spring and autumn in Fushan District, Yantai City, and analyzed for heavy metal concentrations to conduct a seasonal investigation. The results indicated that the primary heavy metal elements present in the road dust were Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Zn, with mean concentrations of 12, 725, 95, 1 460, 540, 8, and 1151 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of most heavy metals significantly exceeded local soil background values. Assessments using the enrichment factor(EF) and geo-accumulation index(I_geo) methods revealed significant anomalous enrichment of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Zn in the road dust of Yantai City. The pollution level of heavy metals exhibited a more pronounced increase during autumn compared to spring, primarily attributed to intensified coal combustion for heating and the precipitation scouring effect. Source apportionment indicated that pollution sources in spring encompassed marine sources, resuspended dust, and traffic emissions. Health risk assessment results indicate that urban road dust in Yantai exhibit carcinogenic health risks, primarily driven by heavy metal exposure through inhalation pathways. Targeted control measures are proposed based on the pollution status in the urban area of Yantai. The findings provide essential data support, a theoretical basis, and practical guidance for heavy metal pollution control in coastal cities.