Abstract:Based on the analysis of the needs of ecological environment monitoring under the new situation, the problems are analyzed which exist in accurate supported environmental management, lifting the driving force of scientific research innovation and the establishment of highquality talent team. And the development planning ideas of provincial ecological environment monitoring institutions are put forward, which are oriented by supporting, service and leading to decisionmaking management, to enhance core competitiveness through institutional construction, the talent team and scientific research innovation strengthening, the basic ability tamping and creation of characteristic highlights, as well as the tasks of environmental monitoring and early warning capacity building, research and innovation development, talent team building, and institutional mechanism building, which provide strong support for the modernization of the ecological environment governance system and governance capabilities and the overall improvement of the quality of the ecological environment.

Abstract:Based on Daphnia magna acute toxicity test and immobilized sediment techlogy, the toxic changes of sediment in polluted rivers(Shengtongbang in Changzhou) before and after remediation were successfully determined, and more sensitive results were obtained than that of using leachate. The toxicity of the sediments at four locations were mediumtoxicity before remediation, but three of them decreased to littletoxicity, and one of them was nontoxic after remediation. According to the toxicity changes of sediments before and after river remediation to aquatic organisms, both the hazard degree before river restoration and the ecological safety after river restoration were evaluated, which could provide a scientific basis for adopting reasonable remediation methods to achieving longterm treatment effects.

Abstract:The Chlorella vulgaris and Daphnia magna acute toxicity tests were employed to compare and evaluate the toxicity of the overlying water and interstitial water in an urban black and odorous water (Shentongbang in Changzhou) before and after remediation. The results indicated that the water quality was improved by the remediation. The growth rate of C. vulgaris were not inhibited by the overlying water, by contrast stimulated both before and after remediation. The results showed that the remediation of black and odorous river reduced the biological toxicity of the overlying water and interstitial water, but there was still eutrophication in the overlying water and the interstitial water also had certain toxic risk to aquatic organisms after remediation. The present research proved that the toxicity changes of black and odorous water could be reflected by biological toxicity tests, which could be used on the assessment of remediation effects on urban black and odorous water.

Abstract:This study monitored the biological effects of 15 typical sewage outlets discharged into the sea in Qinhuangdao city. Monitoring is carried out during dry season and wet season. Four different test organisms: luminescent bacteria (Vibrio fischeri), algae (Skeletonema costatum), crustaceans (Artemia) and fish (Juvenile medaka)were selected and shortterm acute toxicity tests on sewage were conducted. The results show that the toxicity of sewage discharged into the sea is easily affected by rainwater dilution. In addition, Juvenile medaka are the most sensitive to sewage, followed by Artemia and Skeletonema costatum, and Vibrio fischeri are the least sensitive. The correlation analysis between the toxicity evaluation results of this study and the currently measured physical and chemical indexes further proves that it is limited to rely solely on physical and chemical indexes to evaluate the environmental impact of sewage.

Abstract:In order to study the applicability of biological acute toxicity monitoring method to the monitoring of effluent from typical chemical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 4 levels of subject creatures, including photobacterium, algae,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio were selected to test the acute toxicity of the effluent from 2 typical chemical WWTPs (Chang A and Chang B). Acute toxicity of luminescent bacteria and chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity of plant algae were detected in both two WWTPs. The acute toxicity of influent was usually greater than effluent, but the effluent showed highly toxicity when a large number of oxidizing disinfectants were added. The maximum value of chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity appeared in the influent of Chang B. The acute toxicity of Daphnia magna and Danio rerio was only detected in the water samples from Chang B. Though the water samples downstream the receiving river showed no acute toxicity, the development malformation of Danio rerio were observed. Among the four methods of acute toxicity detection, luminescent bacteria are the most widely used, and the methods of acute toxicity of plant algal chlorophyll fluorescence,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio are alternative according to the purpose of monitoring and the characteristics of industrial parks. The experimental results can provide a choice for normalizing the monitoring of biological toxicity in the process of effluent discharge in industrial WWTPs and provide a basis for the management department to formulate the discharge standards.

Abstract:Based on Gauss plume model, the contribution of a power plant in the southern plain of Hebei Province to the air quality of nearby monitoring stations was simulated during the period of April to June, 2019. The results showed that the average contribution concentration of NO₂ to the provincial controlled stations in April, May and June were 2.0, 3.2 and 4.4 μg/m³ respectively; the average contribution concentration of SO₂ were 1.9, 3.1 and 3.5 μg/m³, the average contribution concentration of PM₁₀ were 0.45, 0.7and 0.85 μg/m³; and the average contribution concentrations of PM_2.5 were 0.25, 0.45 and 0.55 μg/m³ respectively. In June, the thermal power plant contributed the most to the pollutants at stations S1 and S2, which coincided with the high frequency of southwester in June.

Abstract:To find out the source of fine particles in the ambient air of Bengbu, online source apportionment was carried out using Aerosol Timeofflight Mass Spectrometer at the commercialresidential mixed area (BD) and industrial area (GX), from August 8^th to September 18^th, 2017. The results showed that the PM_2.5 content of BD was higher than that of GX during the observation period, moreover, the proportion of mild PM_2.5 pollution (4.2%) was significantly higher than that of GX (0.8%), and moderate PM_2.5 pollution appeared (0.3%) at BD. SPAMS fine particle matter spectrum showed that K⁺ and Na⁺ characteristics were obvious in fine particles at BD, and inorganic signals such as HSO^-₄, NO^-₃ and NO^-₂ at the point of GX were obvious. The percentages of NO^-₃, NO^-₂ and NH⁺₄ ions in the total number of particles were both significantly high in the two monitoring points, and the proportions of NO^-₃ and HSO^-₄ ions at GX were significantly higher than those at BD, fuel combustion, industrial process sources and nitrogen fertilizer application were the main anthropogenic pollution sources. The fine particles at the two points composed mainly of elemental carbon, accounting for 42.4% and 40.6%, respectively. During the pollution period, PM_2.5 concentration increased rapidly, besides being affected by the accumulation of local motor vehicle exhaust and coalfired sources, both of the increase of dust source emission at BD and GX and the increase of industrial process emission sources at GX made contributions to it. Automobile exhaust fumes were the primary pollution sources, accounting for 29.5% and 30.9%, respectively, followed by coalfired sources (24.3% and 24.7%), with dust sources accounting for 22.9% and 20.8%, respectively.

Abstract:The evolution characteristics of OC, EC, water-soluble ions and more than 20 inorganic elements were analyzed in PM_2.5 samples which were collected from the top of office building of Nanjing Environmental Monitoring Center during 2011 to 2017. The results presented that the main components of PM_2.5 in Nanjing were NO^-₃，SO^2-₄，NH⁺₄，OC，and EC, etc. Most components declined with the decrease of PM_2.5 concentration. OC became the major component in 2016—2017. Moreover，ρ（NO^-₃）/ρ（SO^2-₄) and ρ（OC）/ρ（EC） showed a rising trend. The ratio of ρ（NO^-₃）/ρ（SO^2-₄）raised from 0.9 up to 1.3，while ρ（OC）/ρ（EC） raised from 3.2 up to 3.6. Motor vehicle pollution and organic pollution had significantly aggravated. The air pollution in Nanjing was changing from the traditional soot-type pollution to the combined pollution dominated by both soot-type and oxidation-type pollution. The concentrations of K^-，Cl^-，SO^2-₄ and trace elements K，Al，Ca，Na，Mg decreased continuously，which shows that the effect of industrial pollution reduction， coal combustion total amount control and pollution control， dust pollution management and straw burning ban were significant.

Abstract:160 soil samples were collected from the sampling sites adjacent to 32 livestock and poultry feedlots which locate in eastern, central and western part of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, and contents of eight heavy metals were analyzed. Single factor pollution index and Nemerow integrated pollution index were used to evaluate the pollution degree and Principal Component Analysis was used to analyze the causes and sources of heavy metal pollution. The results showed that except for Hg and As, the mean contents of six heavy metals, which were Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni, exceeded the corresponding background values in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. The mean contents of Cd was 2.14 times of the soil background value of the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Single factor pollution index showed that the soil surrounding livestock and poultry farms in the west was contaminated by Cd moderately, while in the east lightly. The average pollution degree was in the following order: Cd>Pb>Cr(Ni)>Zn>Cu>As>Hg. Nemerow integrated pollution index showed that the soils adjacent to eastern livestock and poultry feedlots were moderately polluted by heavy metals. The soils adjacent to western and central livestock and poultry feedlots were mildly polluted. The Nemerow integrated pollution index of the different areas ranked as follows: Eastern region(2.27)>Western region(1.52)>Central region(1.35). The results of Principal Component Analysis showed that the heavy metals in soil adjacent to the livestock and poultry feedlots of different regions of Inner Mongolia came from different sources. Pb、Cr、Cu、Zn and Ni were mainly originated from livestock manure and waste water which were discharged irregularly, while Hg was mainly from natural sources.

Abstract:Based on the verification and evaluation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) control in chemical enterprises, by combining analytic hierarchy process (AHP) with fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE), an evaluation index system of 22 indicators at 4 criteria levels, including project establishment, site investigation, assessment & analysis, and management & supervisor, was established. Taking a chemical industrial park in Jiangsu Province as an example, the evaluation index system was applied to evaluated the VOCs controlling effect of 3 enterprises. The results showed no difference with actual condition. The evaluation of the index system can reduce the individualistic assumptions, determine the weight of the index and solve the problem of ambiguity in the process of VOCs control, which means the index system has good practical application value.

Abstract:The principles of online monitoring equipment for stationary source particulate matter were studied in 2019 in Jinan City, and online monitoring was compared with manual monitoring as well. The results showed that the results of four online particle monitoring devices based on laser forward scattering method were in good agreement with manual monitoring results, and sampling head with heating function can effectively reduce the interference of water droplets; while the result of online particle monitoring equipment based on laser back scattering method showed less consistent with manual monitoring results, the zero drift reached a value of 3.3%, and the absolute error of 2/3 manual comparison results were >±5 mg/m³. The equipment based on laser back scattering method is not suitable for ultralow emission enterprises. The equipment based on laser forward scattering method is suitable for high humidity and low range environments, and has high measurement accuracy, and has better applicability in Jinan City.

Abstract:This paper briefly introduces the theoretical principles of classified treatment of municipal solid waste, and compares the practices and characteristics of domestic and foreign classified treatment of municipal solid waste in four aspects: laws and regulations, capital guarantee measures, collection methods of garbage classified and environmental awareness education for the whole people. We suggest improving the system and mechanism of garbage classification and treatment, promoting the mode of extended responsibility system of producers, improving the system of garbage classification, collection and transportation, and improving the level of environmental awareness of the public.