Abstract:This study summarizes the main pathogenic bacteria and corresponding diseases in water environment, and the latest development of the molecular biological techniques of aquatic pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative realtime PCR, isothermal amplification technique, biosensors, and highthroughput sequencing. The advantages, disadvantages, and application characteristics of these different detection techniques are also analyzed. Furthermore, this study suggests the future development direction of molecular biological technologies for detecting pathogenic bacteria in water environment and tries to provide new research ideas and technological supports for detection and control of aquatic pathogens.

Abstract:With the improvement of mass accuracy in mass spectrometry and the expansion of the material database, the highthroughput nontargeted screening techniques developrapidly, which provides an effective means for the analysis and identification of pollutants in complex environmental media. This paper summarizes the advances of nontargeted screening techniques ［gas chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometry (GCHRMS) and liquid chromatographyhigh resolution mass spectrometry (LCHRMS) ］ in environmental sample analytical methods, including sample pretreatment methods, nontargeted analysis platforms, data analysis and current challenges. The applications of nontargeted screening techniques for analyzing water, sediment and soil samples are reviewed as well, and the existing problems and application prospect are promoted.

Abstract:The main pesticides produced in Jiangsu Province were introduced. The damage characteristics of those pesticides and the monitoring methods for the pesticide residues in environment matrix such as water and soil were summarized, which included five kinds of herbicides such as Glyphosate, Butachlor, Acetochlor , Paraquat and Flulol , five types of germicides such as Mancozeb, Tebuconazole, Chlorothalonil , Methulin and Tricyclazol, three kinds of insecticides such as Chlorpyrifos, Imidacloprid and Cypermethrin, two types of plant growth regulators such as Ethephon and Paclobutrazole. This research can be beneficial to the standardization of pesticide monitoring methods and the establishment of control limits, while it can also provide support to the emergency monitoring for the pesticide accidents and daily supervision of the pesticides production and application.

Abstract:In this paper, the existing quantitative analysis methods of microplastics（visual method, spectroscopic method and thermal analysis） are comprehensively explained from two different quantitative perspectives of quantity concentration and mass concentration. Among them, the visual method is simple to operate but has low accuracy, the spectroscopic method has high accuracy but takes long time, and the thermal analysis method is simple and fast but not conducive to traceability analysis. On the basis of the systematic review, the future research directions that need indepth research are summarized and prospected.

Abstract:This study briefly reviews the research advance on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Disinfection byporoducts(DBPs) in drinking water. This article summarizes the genotoxicity of DBPs from the results of the Ames test, SOS/umu test, comet test, micronucleus test, and some novel mutagenic tests; the carcinogenicity of DBPs is analyzed from three aspects: toxicology test, epidemiological research, and carcinogenic risk assessment. The review provides references for future research on the toxic effects and mechanisms of DBPs in drinking water, and promotes the development of drinking water quality management and legislation.

Abstract:The acute toxic effects, developmental and endocrine disrupting toxic effects and mechanisms of synthetic phenolic antioxidants (SPAs) and their metabolites in aquatic environment on fish, as well as metabolic process and product toxicity prediction were briefly described. It pointed out that we should focus on the detection and the distribution of concentration of synthetic phenolic antioxidants and their metabolites in aquatic organisms in the future in order to accurately realize the chemical management and ecological risk assessment of SPAs and their metabolites, so as to provide more background information for the study of bioenrichment and biotransformation of these compounds. Besides, it is necessary to research the molecular mechanisms of the potential toxicity of SPAs and to establish the relationship between the toxicological effects at the molecular level and the adverse consequences at the individual or even population level, also, it is necessary to explore and improve the metabolic mechanism of SPAs and to evaluate the toxic effects of established metabolites (such as BHTQ).

Abstract:The present study reviewed the spatial distribution and the temporal trend of perfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in the upper, middle and down reaches of the Yangtze Basin, as well as the bioaccumulation effect, ecotoxicology for fresh water wildlife and ecological risk assessment of PFASs. PFASs are ubiquitous in the mainstream, tributaries and lakes of the whole Yangtze. However, the overall level of PFASs in the Yangtze is lower than those in the other large basins in China. Among the tens of congeners of PFASs, PFOA often contributes the highest concentration. The level of PFOS is decreasing under 10year environmental control, while PFBS, PFBA and PFHxA are starting to increase for being alternatives. PFASs can be concentrated by the aquatic organisms (including edible fish) and transferred through the food chains. PFASs are accumulated in the blood, muscle and internal organs of the wildlife. Although the ecological risk assessments suggest very low risk from PFASs in the Yangtze, relatively high concentration occurred in some areas may still cause toxic effect, such as gene expression damage, over the sensitive species.

Abstract:In recent years, microplastics, which are directly or indirectly produced by personal care products and waste plastics, are constantly detected in various environmental media, and microplastics will cause various hazards to the ecosystem, so the research on microplastics has attracted more and more attention. The occurrence of microplastics in water, sediment, beach and organism was described. The collection and separation methods, as well as the qualitative and quantitative analysis methods of microplastics were introduced. Finally, the harm of microplastics to the environment and organism,as well as the main problems existing in the research at the present stage are pointed out, and the future research direction is prospected.

Abstract:This paper summarized the harmful characteristics of dioxin to human health, the emission level of dioxin from Municipal solid waste incineration(MSWI), the concentration of dioxin in the air and soil, the exposure routes, dose and health impact of dioxin in the surrounding environment in China. The existing studies show that the concentration of dioxin emitted from MSWI in China is within a reasonable range. The exposure level of dioxin in the people around the waste incineration plant is generally lower than the allowable standard recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO). However, some studies have found that the concentration of dioxin in the surrounding environment were increased due to the incineration of garbage. It is suggested that more attention should be paid to the effects of longterm and lowdose exposure of dioxins from MSWI on human health.

Abstract:A method for analysis of eight nitrosamines in surface water was developed using solid phase extraction（SPE）and ultraperformance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLCMS/MS）. The samples were extracted and cleaned with coconut charcoal solid phase extraction cartridges. After drying by nitrogen, the cartridges were eluted with dichloromethane. The Atlantis T₃ column was used for the liquid chromatography separation, with a linear gradient elution program of methanolwater as the mobile phase. A triple quadrupole mass spectrometer equipped with an atmosphericpressure chemical ionization was operated in the positive ion with multiple reaction monitoring mode (MRM), and internal standard method was used for quantitation. There were good linear relations(r≥0.995 0) of all the 8 nitrosamines. The recoveries ranged from 55.4% to 90.4%, with the relative standard deviations of 3.1%～14.3%. The detection limits were between 1.1~1.8 ng/L. The method is sensitive and accurate, and is suitable for simultaneous determination of eight nitrosamines residues in surface water.

Abstract:A method for analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was established using liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (LCMS/MS).good linear relationship in the range from 10 to 500 ng/L. The detection limits were 2.3 to 8.3 ng/L and the precision was 2.1% to 7.1%. The recoveries 10 PFCs in wastewater ranged from 60.6% to 91.7%. The results showed that PFOA, PFHxS and PFBS were main pollutants in influents ranging from 909 to 206 ng/L. PFOA and PFHxS had been mainly detected in effluents ranging from 67.4 to 158 ng/L. The daily es of PFCs at six WWTPS were 6.7 to 22.9 g/d. The method was suitable for the detection of PFCs residues in wastewater from WWTPs.

Abstract:An optimized method for the cleanup and analysis of organophosphate flame retardants (OPFRs) in fish tissues was developed. The mixed solution of 1∶1 (V/V) nhexane/dichloromethane was used for accelerated solvent extraction of 9 OPFRs from biological samples which were freeze dried in advance, the extracts were then loaded onto the NH₂ solid phase extraction cartridges which were then eluted with dichloromethane/nhexane mixture (1∶1,V/V), dichloromethane and the dichloromethane/methanol mixture (9∶1,V/V) subsequently. The obtained extract was then qualitatively and quantitatively analyzed by ultrahighperformance liquid chromatographytandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The method provided recoveries between 56.5% and 108%, and the MLQs were in the range of 0.016～0.104 ng/g(lw). This method was applied to analyze OPFRs accumulation in crucian carp from Beijing and Guangzhou, trisnbutyl phosphate (TNBP), tris(2-ethylhexyl) phosphate (TEHP), tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCIPP), and tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) were most predominant OPFRs in fish, with concentrations in the range of 5.94～33.7 ng/g(lw), suggesting the robustness of this method in detecting OPFRs in biological tissues.

Abstract:In order to determine the early neurotoxicity effects of 2,2’,4,4’tetrabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-47) on zebrafish, the effects of shortterm BDE-47 exposure on motor behavior trajectory, central nervous development and nervous system expression of key genes in zebrafish larva were studied by using central nervous systemspecific transgenic zebrafish Tg (elavl3:EGFP) as a model organism. The results showed that after 6 days of BDE-47 exposure, the expressions of key genes (elavl3 and mbp) in motor behavior and neurodevelopment of zebrafish larva exposed to 5 and 10 μmol/L were significantly inhibited. At the same time, the development of nerve cells of zebrafish larva was significantly inhibited. The results suggest that nervous systemspecific transgenic zebrafish can be used as an ideal animal model for screening neurotoxic compounds, and BDE-47 has early neurodevelopmental toxicity to zebrafish.

Abstract:Typical chinese coastal benthic bivalve Scapharca subcrenata and Mytilus edulis were selected to carry out acute and chronic toxicity tests of hydroquinone. Loglogistic and Weibull model were applied to determined the lethal concentration 50(LC₅₀), no detected effect concentration (NDEC) and no observed effect concentration(NOEC). Toxic effects of hydroquinone on the body mass, body length and digestive gland superoxide dismutase (SOD) of the 2 tested organism were detected and analyzed. The results showed that LC₅₀ of hydroquinone to Scapharcasubcrenata ,and Mytilusedulis were 34.10 and 66.50 mg/L, NDEC 0.36 and 0.50 mg/L, NOEC 0.40 and 0.60 mg/L, respectively. Result of the chronic toxicity tests showed that differences between groups and within groups of body mass and body length were not significant(P>0.1), activity of superoxide dismutase showed significant difference between grouops in certain period(P＜0.05).

Abstract:In this paper, marine photobacterium phosphoreum were used as test organisms to research the single and combined toxic effects of erythromycin, roxithromycin and acetylspiramycin. The joint toxicity was evaluated by three common evaluating methods. The results showed that EC₅₀ of the single toxic effects of three antibiotics on photobacterium phosphoreum were: 0.725 9×10^-3, 1.207 8×10^-3 and 0.633×10^-3 mol/L respectively. The toxic effect of the binary mixed system on photobacterium phosphoreum ranged as follows: erythromycin + acetylspiramycin > erythromycin + roxithromycin > roxithromycin + acetylspiramycin. The toxic effect types varied with different substituents of each antibiotic which affect the physiological and biochemical process of microbes. Of the evaluating methods, Toxic Unit method showed higher value and was most sensitive. Studying the toxic effects of macrolide antibiotics on photobacterium phosphoreum can provide basic data for environmental risk assessment.

Abstract:In order to study the pollution characteristics and spatial distribution of five antibiotics, sulfapyridine (SPD), sulfachloropyridazine (SCP), sulfadiazine (SDZ), ciprofloxacin (CIP) and tetracycline (TCL), in the surface water of Shaying River Basin, water samples from 30 sites were collected in July 2018 (wet season), November 2018 (dry season) and March 2019 (flat season),and their ecological risks were evaluated. The results showed that the five antibiotics in the Shaying River Basin were detected during the wet season, dry season and flat season. The detection rates of CIP during the wet season, SPD and SDZ during the dry season, and SCP during the dry season are more than 50%. The detection rate of SCP reached 70.97% during the flat season. The concentration of CIP was the highest during the wet season (655 ng/L), and the cumulative concentration of the five antibiotics were as followings: wet season>flat season>dry season. Compared with the water environment in other regions domestic, the concentration of antibiotics in the Shaying River Basin is generally at a general level, but the CIP is at a high concentration level during the wet season. Correlation analysis showed that antibiotic concentration was significantly correlated with hardness, NH₃-N and conductivity. The ecological risks of the five antibiotics are as follows: wet season> dry season> flat season and both the CIP and TCL showed high risk levels. Therefore, the monitoring, evaluation and early warning management of CIP and TCL should be strengthened to effectively control their ecological risks in Shaying river basin.

Abstract:To investigate the pollution status of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) in three main inflow rivers (Taige Canal, Taige South Canal and Caoqiao River) of Taihu Lake, 13 PBDE congeners and 9 OPFRs from water and sediment samples were measured using GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS, respecetively. OPFRs were detected in all water samples at concentrations raging from 165～504 ng/L. Tris (1-chloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TCPP) was the dominant conpound with the highest concentration of 160 ng/L. PBDEs were found in all sediment samples with concentrations ranging from 16.7～765 ng/g. Strong positive correlation between PBDEs and OPFRs (p<0.01) was found, which suggested similar pollution sources and environmental fates of these two flame retardants. A preliminary ecological risk assessment for OPFRs in water was conducted based on predicted noneffective concentration (PNEC), and the results showed that some compounds were associated with moderate risk to algae, daphnia and fish. More environmental concerns should be given to OPFRs urgently with their potential bioaccumulation characteristics and the prohibition of PBDEs in the worldwide.

Abstract:In this study, to assess the overall status of KET research in aquatic environments of China, data on exposure to KET, expressed as concentrations in surface waters including rivers and lakes were collected from literature published in China and abroad. Risk quotient (RQ) was calculated to assess ecological risk in Chinese surface waters. Results showed that, the detection frequency of KET in surface water ranged from 20%~100%, and the greatest concentration was 420 ng/L. Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) derived on the basis of chronic toxicity data, including endpoints of reproduction and development was 1.36×10^-6 mg/L. RQ based on chronic toxicity data were ranged from 0.03~36.76, which suggested risk in some Chinese surface waters. The ecological risks of KET in Tamsui River and Jinmei River in Taiwan, and Pearl River in Guangdong were higher, while rivers in north China were lower.

Abstract:In this study, a pot experiment with contaminated acidic soil by seven levels of nanoZnO for 70 days (the whole vegetative growth phase) was performed to explore the physiological and ecological effects of nanoZnO longterm exposure to Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. The relative chlorophyll content, growth characteristics, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were determined. The results showed that the relative chlorophyll content and growth parameters slowly increased and then decreased significantly. There was no significant impact of nanoZnO on the biomass distribution between root and shoot of the plant. Relative chlorophyll content negatively correlated with nanoZnO concentration (r=-0.879,p<0.001). Excitation energy induced by a certain light intensity of 190 μmol /(m²·s) in leaf of I. aquaticatreated by 160 mg/kg nanoZnO was excessive, but the excess excitation can be consumed through thermal dissipation with a selfadjustment mechanism to avoid light injury. Under acidic soil conditions，Chlorophyll fluorescence indices induced by low light in leaf of I. aquatic were insensitive to nanoZnO longterm exposure, but nanoZnO longterm exposure significantly affect the biomass accumulation of I. aquatic.

Abstract:The impacts of SWCNT and MWCNTOH on the antioxidant defense system of juvenile goldfish (Carassius auratus) were studied by semistatic exposure method. SWCNT and MWCNTOH were found to induce histopathological and oxidative damages in liver. The results showed that the antioxidant enzymes SOD and CAT activity were inhibited significantly in the liver of goldfish exposed to 10, 100 and 1 000 μg/L individually for 28 d. Individual exposure to SWCNT or MWCNTOH at 14 d resulted in histopathological gill changes as follows: aneurisms, oedema in the secondary lamellae and hyperplasia in the primary lamellae. SWCNT and MWCNTOH exposure was also found to induce necrosis and vacuolization in liver at the high dose of 1000 μg/L. However, no changes were observed in liver at the low SWCNT or MWCNTOH exposure level (dose of 10 μg/L) compared to control. No lethal effects were observed during the test. With the increase of exposure days, two carbon nanotubes could inhibit SOD and CAT enzyme, and the inhibition was obvious in the group with high concentration, and the antioxidant system of the liver was damaged. The results indicated that the long term impacts of carbon nanotubes to fish need to be further investigated.