Abstract:The abuse of antibiotics, along with the problem of antibiotic resistance of microorganisms caused by them, makes a serious threat on human health and is also a hotspot in environmental field at home and abroad. The health risks of antibiotics in the environment mainly come from antibioticresistant bacteria and their antibioticresistant genes (ARGs), and the horizontal transfer of ARGs is a key step to evaluate their health risks. Integron is an important genetic element which induce horizontal transfer of ARGs, as well as a key element that leads to multiple antibiotic resistance and the generation of superbacteria. Meanwhile, integrase gene (intI) can encode tyrosine recombinases to catalyzes recombination of captured gene cassettes (GCs) containing different antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs), resulting in the horizontal transfer of ARGs and the multidrug resistance of bacteria. A metagenomic analysis method based on DNA highthroughput sequencing was used to compare the diversity and abundance difference of integrons, as well as their correlationship with ARGs in drinking water, domestic wastewater, aquacultural wastewater and medical wastewater. The results showed that five wellclassified integrase genes, intI1, intI2,intI3,intI6, and intI9, were found in four typical water environments by metagenomic analysis and comparison with INTEGRALL database. The total abundance ranked as follows: domestic wastewater>aquaculture wastewater>drinking water, and medical wastewater>drinking water. The diversity arranged a sequence of medictal wastewater>domestic wastewater>aquaculture wastewater>drinking water. The degree of uniformity sequenced in the order of medical wastewater>domestic wastewater>drinking water, and medical wastewater>aquaculture wastewater>drinking water. There is a similarity between domestic wastewater and aquaculture wastewater on the gene composition and abundance of intI, as well as that of drinking water, aquaculture wastewater, and medical wastewater. Among the five integrase genes, intI1 was widely distributed and had high abundance, and there was a strong correlation between intI1 and the abundance of five antibiotic resistance genes including sulfonamide, tetracycline, chloramphenicol, macrolidelincosamidestreptogramin (MLS), and trimethoprim ARGs (r≥ 0.6, P<0.05).

Abstract:Human pathogenic bacteria (HPB) are widespread in municipal wastewater and pose a serious threat to human health. In this study, we used a wastewater treatment plant in Nanjing as an example. The water samples of influent, sludge and biochemically treated effluent were collected monthly in a year. The composition of HPB community was characterized by PCR amplification targeting 16S rRNA gene and highthroughput sequencing, and the correlation between water physicochemical indexes and the composition of HPB community during biochemical treatment was investigated. The results showed that the number of detections and total relative abundance of HPB in the influent and biochemically treated effluent were relatively stable; the number of detections of HPB in sludge was more variable, and the total relative abundance was generally higher than that in the influent and the effluent, and showed obvious seasonal varieties. The composition of HPB in the influent, sludge, and effluent samples were similar, and the dominant HPB included Shigella boydii,Salmonella enterica,Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Mycobacterium tuberculosis,Enterococcus faecalis and Acinetobacter baumannii.Among the water physicochemical indexes, BOD₅,NO^-₃-N, TN were significantly correlated with the composition of the HPB community in the biochemically treated effluent. The relative abundance of Enterococcus faecalis was significantly positively correlated with BOD₅ concentration and negatively correlated with NO^-₃-N and TN concentration; the relative abundance of Shigella boydii was significantly positively correlated with NO^-₃-N and TN concentration and negatively correlated with BOD₅concentration.

Abstract:Dissolved organic matter (DOM) in coking wastewater has gained extensive attention as the main source of wastewater pollutants and toxicity. Anaerobicanoxicoxic (A-A-O) biological process combined with coagulation is widely used in coking wastewater treatment. In this study, the DOM and toxicity changes of coking wastewater during A-A-O combined coagulation treatment were analyzed by spectroscopy analysis and aquatic acute toxicity test. The results showed that coking wastewater contain large amount of unsaturated aromatic substances, in which tryptophan and tyrosine like substances were dominant, followed by soluble microbial metabolites, fulvic acid like substances and humic acid like substances. The rates of acute toxicity of untreated coking wastewater to algae and Daphnia magna were moderately to highly toxic. A-A-O combined coagulation treatment could remove more than 90% of tryptophan, tyrosine and fulvic acid like substancess, but the removal rate of humic acid like substances was relatively lower (80%), with the key removal stages being the anoxic stage and the aerobic stage. Accordingly, the acute toxicity reduction rate of coking wastewater was 80.51%~94.30%, and the key reduction occured in the anaerobic stage. Pearson correlation analysis showed significantly positive correlations among total organic carbon (TOC), fluorescent component C1, fluorescent component C4 with acute toxicity of coking wastewater, indicating possible utilization of TOC, C1 and C4 for preliminary screening before conducting toxicity tests. The results of this study can provide scientific support for the optimization of biochemical treatment, toxicity control as well as risk evaluation of coking wastewater.

Abstract:Based on the survey data of heavy metals in the sediments of the tidal flat coastal areas in Rudong City in 2017 and 2019, the distribution characteristics of heavy metals in the sediments were studied. By analyzing the relationships between heavy metals and environmental factors, the controlling factors that affect the distribution of heavy metals were discussed. The pollution characteristics and the ecological risk were evaluated by the geo accumulation index method and Hakanson potential ecological risk index method. The results showed that the average concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd, Hg and As were 9.42, 51.3, 15.2,55.6,0.09, 0.006 and 7.71 mg/kg, respectively. The concentrations of Cu, Zn, Pb, Cr, Cd and Hg were higher around the estuary and its adjacent areas. The main sources of Cu ,Pb, Cd, Zn, Hg and Cr may be highly similar. The total organic carbon and grainsize of sediments were important factors for the distributions of heavy metals except for As. The potential ecological risk levels were Cd＞Hg＞As＞Pb＞Cu＞Cr＞Zn, and Cd contributed the most.

Abstract:Using the health risk assessment model recommended by the United States Environmental Protection Agency (US EPA) to conduct a preliminary assessment of the risk of human health hazards caused by PAEs in drinking water sources in Urumqi City.The results showed that two kinds of PAEs(DEHP and DBP) in surface drinking water sources in Urumqi all meet the limits set by “Surface Water Environmental Quality Standards” (GB 3838—2002), the total detection rates of DEHP were 58.3%～100.0%, and DBP were 100% detected. The total carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk of DBP is of the order of 10^-10 ～10^-8, and the noncarcinogenic risk of DBP caused by drinking water is of the order of 10^-13 ～10^-11.The concentration of one kind of PAEs (DEHP) in the underground drinking water source of Urumqi City all meet the requirements of Class I standard set by “Groundwater Quality Standard” (GB/T 14848—2017), and the total detection rates were 66.7%～100.0%. The total risk order of magnitude distribution is 10^-10～10^-9 for urban centralized drinking water sources, and 10^-10～10^-8 for county (district) water sources. The total carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic risk of surface drinking water sources and underground drinking water source are lower than the maximum acceptable risk levels of US EPA and ICRP, and are lower than the maximum acceptable risk level for the Swedish Environmental Protection Agency, the Dutch Construction and Environment Agency and the Royal Society of the United Kingdom as well. The risk level is at level I and has a low risk status.

Abstract:In order to meet the national requirements for the supervision of highrisk mobile sources, the monitoring terminal hardware has been developed with GPS positioning, RFID and radiation dose monitoring, and the software platform of highrisk mobile source realtime monitoring system has been developed as well. The function and application of the system platform software and monitoring terminal were analyzed. Followup improvement suggestions were made on the structural design of monitoring terminal, short endurance time, poor durability, weak field signal and other problems. The monitoring system can effectively realize the dynamic monitoring of highrisk mobile sources and further improve the technical level of supervision of highrisk mobile sources in Jiangsu Province.

Abstract:Fish is considered to be the important component of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. To explore the characteristics of fish communities in Jiangsu Province, a survey of fish communities in 148 surface water environmental monitoring sections was conducted during April to May 2020 using environmental DNA metabarcoding technology. A total of 418 fish OTU were detected in the environmental DNA samples, and 46 species were annotated into 10 orders, 14 families and 32 genera, and 27 species of which are Cypriniformes, accounting for 81.2% of the sequences. The results showed that the fish diversity of the Huai River basin is relatively better, followed by the Yangtze River basin and the Taihu Lake basin. The result has provided basic information on the structural characteristics of fish communities in surface water monitoring sections in Jiangsu Province, and gave a reference to the application and promotion of environmental DNA technology in the field of environmental monitoring.

Abstract:To improve the detection accuracy of soil cation exchange capacity, and in view of the shortcomings in the standard of “Soil qualityDetermination of cation exchange capacity(CEC)Hexamminecobalt trichloride solution/Spectrophotometric method”（HJ 889—2017）, some parameters have been optimized by studying the influence of organic matter, pH value, extraction time, centrifugation time, filtration, etc.The results show that the pH value of acid soil needs to be adjusted to 6.0~8.0 before testing, followed by shaking for 1 hour and centrifuging for 10 minutes, which can solve the problem of negative deviation.Only when both the organic matter content and the absorbance at 380 nm are high, the absorbance at 475 nm needs to be corrected. When the actual sample matrix is complicated, the syringe filter method can be used to make the test result more accurate.The optimized method is suitable for various types of soils and is suitable for monitoring large quantities of soil samples.

Abstract:Nitrate is an important indicator of marine water quality monitoring. At present, there are many kinds of online nitrate analyzers in marine water quality online monitoring system, and the measurement principles are also different. Taking the measurement principles and chemical characteristics into consideration, three representative nitrate analyzers with different measurement principles were selected, which includes vanadium chloride method, DTPA method and ultraviolet spectrophotometric method, to make a comparative study on the effect of salinity and method on results. The real samples were determined as well. According to the study, suitable nitrate measurement method can be selected for different water quality and it provides technical support for the accurate measurement of nitrate of marine water quality online monitoring system. The experimental results show that the nitrate analyzer using vanadium chloride is suitable for the marine water with the nitrate background value less than 0.5 mg/L.When DTPA is to be applied to the nitrate analyzer, it is suitable for the river estuary with the nitrate background value less than 0.5 mg/L , while the nitrate analyzer equipped with ultraviolet spectrophotometer is suitable for all kinds of marine water with the nitrate background value more than 0.5 mg/L.

Abstract:The changes of microorganisms in the Three Gorges Reservoir area affect the function of freshwater ecosystems and human health. In March 2018, a microbiological investigation was conducted on different soil samples on both sides of the Wanzhou Second Bridge. The drying method and the potassium dichromate volumetric method were used to analyze the physical and chemical properties of the soil, the plate dilution coating method was used to analyze the number of cultivable microorganisms, the composition and diversity of soil microbial communities were analyzed by 16S rDNA gene sequencing and phylogenetic trees. The results show that there are differences in the organic matter content of different sedimentary soils, and the number of microorganisms ranks in the sequence of bacteria> actinomycetes> fungi. Bioinformatics analysis found that the bacteria were mostly Pseudomonas and Acinetobacter. Therefore, this study provides an early warning for environmental pollution in the Three Gorges Reservoir area and will play an important role in the rational use and management of the ecological environment in the Three Gorges Reservoir area in the future.

Abstract:Microplastics investigation was carried out on water samples from three typical wastewater treatmenplants in Zhenjiang City in 2021, and the water samples were detected and analyzed by electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The results showed that a total of 14 microplastics were detected in the samples, of which polyethylene (PE) accounted for about 40%, polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS), polyethylene terephthalate (PET), etc. accounted for 5%~40%, and nylon (PA), polycarbonate (PC), polyformaldehyde (POM), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and other plastics accounted for a relatively low percentage; the abundance of microplastics in the influent water of plants A, B and C were 2226, 2263, 1950 n/L, and the removal rate of microplastics was 92.1%, 82.5%, 91.3% respectively after treatment at all levels in the wastewater plant; microplastics were mainly fibrous, accounting for about 80%, with granules and irregular shapes second; the color of microplastics was mostly colored and transparent, with no exact rule.

Abstract:To study the characteristics and sources of the fine particulate matter (PM_2.5) in the middle and lower levels of pollution in the atmosphere, an online monitoring system for atmospheric gas composition and aerosol were used to track ρ(PM_2.5)and the concentration of the watersoluble ions in Pudong New District, from January 1,2018, to December 31, 2020. The results showed thatρ(PM_2.5) was the highest in winter, followed by in spring and in autumn, and it was the lowest in summer. The order of watersoluble ion components in PM_2.5 by mass concentration was as follow:ρ(NO^-₃) >ρ(SO₄^2-) >ρ(NH⁺₄) >ρ(Cl^-)>ρ(K⁺)>ρ(Na⁺), while the sum concentration of SO₄^2-,NO^-₃, and NH⁺₄(SNA) accounted for over 94% of the total ion components and over 52% of PM_2.5,which were the key factors in PM_2.5. The percentage of Cl^-was about 3%. The percentages of Na⁺ and K⁺ were both less than 1%. The concentration of NO^-₃ changed the most with the season. In spring, the particulate matter was weakly acidic,while in winter, it developed to weakly alkaline, and that of the whole year was neutral. Based on ion equilibrium calculations, SNA tends to exist in the atmosphere primarily as (NH₄)₂SO₄ and NH₄NO₃. SO₄^2-,NO^-₃ and NH⁺₊had a high correlation, while Cl^- and K⁺ had a high correlation with homology. The sulfur oxidation rate (SOR) and nitrogen oxidation rate (NOR) were both higher than 0.1, and the secondary transformation degree of SO₂and NO₂was higher. Vehicles exhaust and the following secondary particles transmitting and regional transmitting had become the main source of fine particles in the observation period.

Abstract:A statistical analysis was made on the monitoring data about the characteristics and influencing factors of O₃ pollution monitored at the 4 automatic air monitoring stations in Fengxian District, Shanghai during 2014—2019. The result suggests that the trend of annual average O₃mass concentration was generally stable with a slight decline. The median and maximum daily O₃ mass concentration in 8 hours showed a gradual increase trend, and the highest and second highest mass concentration occurred during April to October. There was a significant positive correlation between temperature and O₃ mass concentration. With increased of wind speed and humidity, the O₃mass concentration and the outoflimit frequency increased first and then declined. The O₃mass concentration and the outoflimit frequency was higher in case of south wind, southwest wind and south by southwest wind than in case of wind in other directions. There was a negative correlation between monthly average O₃ mass concentration and the monthly average concentration of its precursors such as CO, NO, NO₂and NOx. From spatial perspective, the O₃ pollution monitored at Fengpu Station was the most serious, with the highest daily average mass concentration and the greatest number of days with out of limit mass concentration.

Abstract:"Implementing the projects of ecological protection and restoration for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands, and comprehensively improving the stability of natural ecosystems and their ecological services". This important innovative achievement comes from Xi Jinping Thought on Ecological Civilization, which provides important guidance and fundamental compliance for carrying out ecoenvironmental protection and restoration. Since 2019, Jiangsu province implemented pilot projects of ecological protection and restoration for mountains, rivers, forests, farmlands, lakes and grasslands at provincial scale, including 59 projects in five categories. On the basis of summarizing the work experience and practices in pilot areas, this paper analyzes the main problems and difficulties, such as the lack of understanding of the concept of coordination between ecological restoration and green development, the lack of integrity and systematicity of ecological restoration, the need to strengthen the experience summary and fullcycle management of ecological restoration, and the urgent need to improve the reform and innovation of institutional mechanisms that break boundaries, and puts forward the corresponding policy suggestions, in order to build a Jiangsu model on ecological protection and restoration.

Abstract:In order to supervise effectively to avoid violation phenominon during the testing process of emissions from vehicles under short driving mode conditions, 4 parameters has been sieved out for supervision based on the testing principle of short driving mode conditions, which includes the reference mass of vehicle, the concentration summation of CO and CO₂, the concentration of O₂ and the flow rate of the vehicle exhaust fumes. The principles and reasons of its application in supervision has been expounded, and the feasibility of its supervision has been verified by the leakage experiment of fivegas analyzer and the real case on abnormal flow rate of exhaust fumes, which is expected to put forward effective supervision strategies that can be applied to the actual supervision work for the supervision department.