Abstract:This study analyzed the current situation of biodiversity conservation in Jiangsu Province and interpreted the "ImplementationSuggestions on Further Strengthening Biodiversity Conservation" issued by the General Office of Jiangsu Provincial Party Committee and the General Office of Provincial Government. Furthermore, this study identified eight major tasks, including the enhancement of policies and regulations, the optimization of spatial patterns, the increase of system stability, the establishment of monitoring and evaluation system, the improvement of safety management, the innovation of development of utilization mechanism, the supervision of law enforcement and the encouragement of public participation. In addition, this study explored innovations in ten realms to improve the integral quality of ecology in the entire province, including the strengthening of ecological island pilot zones and ecological safety buffer zones.

Abstract:In recent years, Jiangsu Province has taken creative and uptodate approaches to promote the development of biodiversity conservation. The awareness of biodiversity and natural ecological protection from government departments to the public has been significantly improved. This paper summarizes the main progress, typical practices and effective experiences of biodiversity conservation management, and analyzes the current status and characteristics of biodiversity in Jiangsu Province. In view of the imperfect system, poor connectivity of typical habitats, weak basic capacity, serious species invasion, and unsolved development conflicts, this paper develops some countermeasures, namely, improving policy system, optimizing ecological space, increasing ecosystem protection and restoration, deepening inventory, building multilevel observation network, strengthening invasive species supervision, exploring sustainable use mechanism and enhancing publicity. It also provides reference and basis for the formulation of biodiversity conservation strategies in Jiangsu.

Abstract:Landuse change is an important driver for the loss of butterfly diversity. In order to explore the changing characteristics of butterfly diversity after the forest was transformed into tea garden and vegetable garden, this paper investigated the butterfly diversity monthly in the above three land uses from April to October 2019 using the transect method in Baohua Mountain, Jiangsu. A total of 7 surveys monitored butterflies belonging to 5 families, 47 genera and 62 species. The ShannonWieners Diversity Index, Margalef’s richness index and Pielou’s evenness index of forest are higher than those of tea garden and vegetable garden, while the Simpson’s dominance index of tea garden is the highest. The functional richness index (F_ric) and the quadratic entropy RaoQ are both markedly higher than those of the other two land use types, but the F_ric of vegetable garden is significantly higher than that of tea garden. There is no significant difference between the functional divergence index (F_div) and the functional evenness index (F_eve) in the three land use types. There is a clear correlation between the species and functional diversity of butterfly communities and vegetation types and their spatial and temporal variation. Human activities such as land use change has negative effects on butterfly community diversity．

Abstract:According to the biological data of Hongze Lake during 2015—2020, the species composition and diversity of benthos in Hongze Lake are analyzed, and the water quality is evaluated. At the same time, a generalized linear model was constructed to predict the ecological change trend of Hongze Lake. The results show that the number of benthic animal species in Hongze Lake generally shows an upward trend. The diversity of benthic animals in Hongze Lake has improved. River clam is the dominant species. The four ecological environment evaluation indexes, including GBI, BPI, BI and BMWP ，also prove that the ecosystem of Hongze Lake is basically stable in recent years and water quality is in the class between clear and light pollution. The prediction model shows that there will be no significant change in biodiversity and the water quality will remain stable in the future. The current conclusion provides scientific basis for protection of benthos biodiversity.

Abstract:Based on the current status of Chinas surface water quality automatic monitoring, the current paper preliminarily discussed the early warning method system of surface water quality automatic monitoring. The overall technical route of early warning on automatic water quality monitoring has been put forward, and a variety of early warning model group framework has been built based on sudden change type early warning and gradual change type early warning, which can realize the single factor, multifactor combination, trend, status and other different cases of abnormal data early warning, so as to ensure the reliability and accuracy. Finally, the implementation of early warning method of water quality automatic monitoring was introduced through the examples such as integration of the water quality automatic monitoring data, determination and cleaning of abnormal data, establishment and operation of early warning model, process of early warning information and other aspects.

Abstract:The pollution status of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in typical media of Guanhe estuary in Northern Jiangsu was investigated in January, July and November 2018. The enrichment, composition characteristics and ecological risks of 16 PAHs in water samples, sediments, plants and biological samples were analyzed by gas chromatographymass spectrometry (GCMS).The results showed that the average mass concentration of PAHs in water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediment is higher in dry season(1 998 ng/L, 2 987 ng/g, 1 056 ng/g) than that in flood season(1 698 ng/L, 630 ng/g, 558 ng/g); the water phase, suspended particulate matter and sediments in different seasons were dominated by 2+3 rings PAHs; the mass concentration of BaA, CHR, B［b+k］FA, BaP and IP in water phase were higher than the water quality standards recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency(US EPA), fluorene (FL) and phenanthrene (PHE) in suspended particulate matter and sediments may have adverse effects on aquatic organisms; the defoliation effect of Spartina alterniflora and Phragmites australis makes the mass concentration of PAHs in sediments higher than that in bare beach; the composition of PAHs in root sediments of Phragmites australis and Spartina alterniflora is quite different; the average mass concentration of PAHs in male and female crabs was much higher in mature stage (November) than in growth stage (July), and crabs was more likely to enrich low ring number(2+3 rings) PAHs.

Abstract:Take a chemicals leakage as an example, the virtual treatment cost method is used to obtain the quantitative amount of ecological environment damage through the investigation of the unit treatment cost of pollutants and the determination of the hazard coefficient of pollutants etc. In view of the technical key points such as the selection of main pollutants, the determination of unit treatment costs, and the judgment of hazard types in the process of quantifying the value of ecological environmental damage, some suggestions are put forward in order to provide reference for quantitative assessment of ecological and environmental damage: first, the main pollutants should be selected in combination with the comprehensive factors such as environmental quality standard limit and pollutant hazard coefficient; second, it is easier to adopt the cost function method to determine the unit governance cost in a certain region; third, using the conclusion of GHS risk category can quickly determine the hazard coefficient of pollutants.

Abstract:Field parallel and after laboratory pretreatment parallel samples of algae cell density were collected and processed to study the reliability in different laboratories. Six technicians from five laboratories analyzed the samples independently. Refer to relevant technical specifications and the successful application cases in similar situations in other fields, the Z-score method is used to compare and evaluate the analyses among laboratories. The results showed that the relative deviation of the data was in line with the technical specifications. The test results of field parallel and after laboratory pretreatment parallel samples from each laboratory were qualified when compared directly to algal density data or logarithmic conversion. The principle of the algae density analysis method leads to large absolute figure deviation of manual monitoring, which means manual monitoring of algae is not suitable for the bloom warning of Taihu Lake.

Abstract:In order to analyze the magnetic fields levels and frequency spectrum features in electric vehicles, 20 electric vehicles of popular types from vehicles manufactures both domestic and abroad were selected to implement measurements on various points of different seats at different driving modes, timedomain and frequencydomain data were obtained simultaneously. Three data analysis methods were used to analyze data, including statistical analysis such as oneway ANOVA and correlation analysis by SPSS software, numeric analysis and spectrum analysis by scatter diagram and single frequency data in line with limits. The analysis reveals that main frequency mainly concentrated below 100 kHz. Remarkable different in magnetic fields exhibits under different driving modes, the highest magnetic fields are detected in acceleration and deceleration modes while the lowest data are found in idle state, and the magnetic fields are higher with the speed increasing at the constant speed mode. Similar values were found on different seats, but magnetic fields levels decrease on single seat when height rises.

Abstract:The leakage of oily substances from petroleum and petrochemical enterprises into groundwater will have a large negative impact on the ecological environment, and the national requirements for groundwater pollution prevention and management are increasingly severe. It is of great significance to develop an efficient method for monitoring the leakage of oily pollutants into groundwater. In this paper, by constructing a groundwater well model, designing and developing online monitoring equipment for oilbearing pollutant leakage, insitu realtime monitoring of the dynamic concentration of VOCs volatilized into gas from oilbearing pollutants in groundwater wells, it realizes insitu realtime monitoring of oilbearing pollutant leakage in groundwater wells. Through this research, it is determined that the conventional water quality sixparameter sensor has a delayed response to the leakage of oily substances, and it is not necessary to install conventional water quality parameter sensors in realtime early warning and monitoring of oily substances in groundwater wells, which saves the cost of pollution prevention and control monitoring for enterprises. The online monitoring equipment is installed on the enterprise site for practical application. By setting the early warning threshold in the monitoring platform, the system will issue an alarm when the realtime monitoring value exceeds the early warning threshold, realizing realtime monitoring and early warning of the concentration of oily pollutants in groundwater wells. The monitoring method proposed in this study has the advantages of fast response, high accuracy, low cost and simple monitoring process. It will help enterprises to grasp the status of groundwater pollution in real time and improve the efficiency of groundwater pollution prevention and early warning.

Abstract:The total nitrogen and total phosphorus content of tailwater from aquaculture ponds is usually high. Thus, samples need to be diluted before measurement, which leads to an increase in measurement time and a decrease in measurement accuracy. In the laboratory, potassium persulfate is commonly used for digestion of tailwater samples. The disadvantages of potassium persulfate are that it is easy to precipitate in crystal form at low temperature and its preparation is timeconsuming. On the contrary, sodium persulfate is easily soluble in water, less affected by temperature and easy to prepare. In this study, the samples were digested by two kinds of persulfate digestion solutions, respectively, and the contents of total nitrogen and total phosphorus of the digested samples were determined, so as to compare the effects of the two methods on calibration curves, standard recovery, and determination of aquaculture tailwater samples. It was found that when the mass or amount of substance is equal to potassium persulfate, the sodium persulfate digestion solution can meet the requirements of total nitrogen and total phosphorus digestion. Moreover, the amount of sodium hydroxide added, and pH need not be adjusted when using sodium persulfate digestion solution, and the digestion effect is equal to that of potassium persulfate under equal mass or equal amount of substance. In conclusion, equal amount of substance of sodium persulfate can replace potassium persulfate for digestion of total nitrogen and total phosphorus in aquaculture tailwater samples.

Abstract:An intensive observation of ambient volatile organic compounds (VOCs) was conducted in air pollution transmission path cities in Jiangsu Province, during a typical photochemical pollution episode from August 11—15, 2020. Based on the monitoring data, an observationbased model (OBM) was used to clarify the mechanism of ozone formation in typical cities. Meanwhile, causes of ozone pollution and differences in chemical composition and ozone formation potentials (OFPs) of VOCs in ozone pollution days and clean days were studied. The results indicated that most cities showed the characteristics of ozone exceeding the standard at the beginning and the end (August 11 and 15) of the whole observation period which was more closely related to ozone precursors rather than meteorological conditions. The total volume fraction of VOCs during the pollution days was between 15.79×10^-9and 54.9×10^-9, with an average value of 31.88×10^-9, which was 1.76 times that of the clean days (18.08×10^-9). It indicated that ozone formation in Nanjing, Zhenjiang and Yangzhou was dominated by VOCs during the observation period while Taizhou was dominated by NOx at August 11. The chemical composition of VOCs in each city was dominated by alkanes (31.8%), followed by OVOCs (26.5%) and halogenated hydrocarbons (19.1%). However, it was found that the concentration of alkanes, alkynes and aromatics increased significantly on pollution days compared with clean days, especially aromatics with an increase of 45.1%～296.3% in different cities. Aromatics and alkenes were the two largest contributors to OFPs of each city, and this study found that the concentration of ethylene, propylene, toluene, ethylbenzene and meta/paraxylene rose sharply on pollution days which may have an important influence on the formation of ozone.

Abstract:Ten metro stations were selected for the study. The concentrations of ten heavy metals (As、Cr、Cd、Ni、Hg、Pb、Mn、Sb、Se、Cu) were determined. Inhalation exposure to these heavy metals was estimated for health risk recommended by US EPA. Increased lifetime cancer risk of commuter population may be induced by carcinogenic heavy metal Cr and As exposure. Noncarcinogenic hazards risks of heavy metal Mn、Cu、Pb、Se、Hg and Sb were low. Further attention should be paid to the possible health risk of heavy metals in metro station’s airborne PM₁₀ for longterm exposure. Corresponding measures should be taken to protect passengers health.

Abstract:To explore the characteristics, ozone formation potential (OFP), sources and health risks of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in summer in Taizhou, 57 kinds of VOCs species at three sites were analyzed by cryogenic trapingGC/MS from August to September 2019. The results showed that the concentration of VOCs ranged from 1.3×10^-9~46.9×10^-9, with an average of 8.5×10^-9. The VOCs were mainly composed of alkanes. The average φ(VOCs) arranged in a sequence of industrial zone>gongyuan road>tiandehu park. BTEX in gongyuan road site were greatly influenced by motor vehicles, while except that, the traffic emission and solvent usage were also the main sources of BTEX at the other two sites. The concentrations of VOCs at industrial zone and gongyuan road were mainly affected by local pollution sources. Among OFP substances, ethylene contributed the most with the OFP value 5.5μmg/m³followed by alkanes. Health risk assessment showed that the noncarcinogenic risks of VOCs at the three sites were within acceptable limits. Benzene was associated with a certain risk of cancer in summer.

Abstract:Based on the representative data of economic development and environmental quality from 2010 to 2019, the spatial and temporal patterns of the coordination between economy and environment are systematically investigated by entropy method，spatial interpolation method and coupling coordination degree evaluation model. The results show that: The economic level of Jiangsu almost doubled from 2010 to 2019, at the same time，the pattern of economic level that “high in the south and low in the north” is stable. The environmental level of Jiangsu increased at a high speed from 2010 to 2019, and the growth rate is faster than that of the economic level, the pattern of environmental level that “higher in the middle and lower in the north and south” presented. The coordinated development degree between economy and environment has been rising with fluctuation from 2010 to 2019, entering the coordinated state from the uncoordinated, and showing the overall trend of central region > southern region > northern region.

Abstract:Carbon emission intensity and energy consumption intensity are two important national and local policy control indicators. There is a potential logical relationship between carbon emission intensity and energy consumption intensity, but the quantitative relationship between them is still insufficient and inconsistent. The paper studies the linear relationship between carbon emission intensity per unit of regional gross domestic product and energy intensity per unit of regional gross domestic product. By establishing the mathematical model, the relationship between the yearonyear change rate of carbon emission intensity and the yearonyear change rate of energy consumption intensity is analyzed. The results show that the relationship of yearonyear change rate of carbon emission intensity and the yearonyear change rate of energy consumption intensity is not “simultaneously positive or simultaneously negative”, that is, the intensity of energy consumption increases, and the intensity of carbon emissions may also decreases; the energy consumption intensity may decrease while the carbon emission intensity may increase. It is expected to provide reference for promoting the research and decisionmaking of “double decline” of carbon emission intensity and energy consumption intensity.