Abstract:This paper reviews the quality managements of soil investigations at home and abroad. According to the characteristic of The Detailed Investigation of Soil Pollution Status in China been carried on 2016—2021, the technical route for quality assurance and quality control have been formed, and successful experiences on strong coordination, comprehensive guidance, process coordination, information technology application, innovative quality control measurements are summarized. This paper also puts forward relevant suggestions from the aspects of indepth study of the quality management achievements, strengthening the research of analysis methods, developing quality control samples and reference materials, establishing a hierarchical evaluation system for relevant thirdparty participants, and continuously exploring the quality control mechanism for daily soil environmental surveys, so as to provide reference for the quality management of followup soil investigation.

Abstract:Heavy metals had been monitored and analyzed in waste gas and soil from a typical ewaste dismantling region. The results showed that in the process of ewaste dismantling, the total amount of heavy metals discharge ranged from high to low was Sn，Cr，Ni，Pb，Cu，Sb，Mn，As，Cd and Hg. Also, heavy metals were discharged in the main processes of ewaste dismantling process, and the emissions from high to low are heated baking board process, pyrometallurgical smelting process, plastic granulation process and hydrometallurgical process. The average contents of Hg, Cd, Cu and Pb in soils of surrounding area exceeded the risk screening values of soil pollution in the Pearl River Delta, correlation analysis and principal component analysis results showed that Pb, Cu, Cd, Ni, Zn were derived from electronic waste dismantling process, including wastewater discharge, atmospheric dry and wet deposition, solid waste illegal stacking and etc. Cr can mainly came from soil parent material, Hg has sources other than ewaste. The results of soil capacity evaluation showed that in this region the soil capacity of As and Cr was relatively large, while the soil capacity of Zn and Ni was relatively small, which had reached the warning value. Soil capacity of other heavy metals were overload. Heavy metal pollution of soil in this region should be paid more attention and control measures should be developed as soon as possible.

Abstract:In recent years, the illegal dumping and landfill of industrial solid waste in Jiangsu province is still in a high incidence. The hidden dangers of the environment in the lands left by such incidents are prominent, and the pollution investigation is difficult and demanding. This paper briefly describes the relevant standards for pollution investigation of this type of lands at home and abroad, investigates 30 cases of lands left over from dumping and landfilling of industrial solid waste incidents in Jiangsu Province, and summarizes the key and difficult problems faced with pollution investigations on this type of lands and the application of related investigation techniques, and analyzes two typical cases of pollution source detection and application of comprehensive biological toxicity auxiliary discrimination. Recommendations for investigation guidelines are put forward, including working procedures, investigation scope, information collection, site survey and so on，in order to provide scientific support for the subsequent treatment and disposal of pollution problems in this type of land.

Abstract:The performance of portable Xray fluorescence spectrometer (PXRF) for detecting As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni in soils was studied, including detection limit, precision and accuracy. The influence of soil moisture content and particle size on the PXRF determination results was explored. The detection results between PXRF and conventional laboratory detection methods were compared for further evaluation. The results showed that the detection limits of As, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn and Ni were between 5 and 15 mg/kg, where the relative standard deviations of reference materials detection results were not greater than 8.6%, and the relative errors were within ±15%. With an increase in the soil moisture content, an overall decrease in the detection results of each element was observed, along with an increasing RSD. The soil particle size had little effect on the detection results, and with the decrease of soil particle size, the RSD showed a slightly decreasing trend. This work demonstrates that PXRF could be used for determination of various heavy metals in a simple and rapid way, which is suitable for onsite and realtime investigation of heavy metals in contaminated sites.

Abstract:This study combined data analysis and numerical simulations with the aim to study the impact of Typhoon Soudiro (August 1 to August 10 in 2015) on ozone pollution in the Pearl River Delta (PRD) region, a highly developed city clusters in southern China. The results showed that the typhoon periphery weather resulted in a stagnant weather with high temperature, high radiation and light wind, which led to the progress of photochemical reaction and the local accumulation of pollutants. Meanwhile, high temperature, high radiation and other meteorological conditions aggravated the emission of BVOCs (biogenic volatile organic carbons) in the vegetation area. The contribution of BVOCs could reach up to 24×10^-9 by using a chemical transport model. The study also investigated the dominant air masses in PRD using the Lagrangian particle diffusion model. The results found that there was an interactive transportation between the urban area and the remote high BVOCs source area. The regional transportation of primary emissions (BVOCs) and secondary products (O₃) from the remote area exacerbates the ozone pollution in the urban area of PRD. In addition, the convergence of the northerly prevailing wind in the inland and the southerly sea breeze resulted in the local accumulation of pollutants and prolonging ozone pollution in the coastlines. This study contributes to strengthen the understanding of ozone pollution in China, so as to take proper measurements to reduce the harm of ozone pollution.

Abstract:Based on the ground observation from 6 stations along the Northern Slope Economic Belt of Tianshan during 2015—2020 and the Sentinel-5P TROPOMI data in 2019, the spatialtemporal distribution characteristics of nitrogen dioxide (NO₂) were investigated, by using the correlation and trend analysis methods. The results showed that: (1) The NO₂ concentration presents a decreasing tendency during 2015—2020, particularly obvious during 2018—2020. NO₂concentration is the highest in Urumqi and the lowest in Bole. (2) In terms of annual cycle, the monthly mean NO₂ concentration is characterized by a “U” type, reaching the lowest in summer and the highest in winter. (3) As for diurnal cycle, the NO₂ concentration presents a significant doublepeak distribution, occurring at 10:00 in the morning and 23:00 at night, respectively. (4) From the spatial distribution, high values of NO₂ column are located at those densely populated and industrially developed urban regions, particularly in the cities of Urumqi, Changji, Wujiaqu, Shihezi.

Abstract:16 sulfur compounds in ambient air and fugitive emission samples were determined by cryofocusing gas chromatography with sulfur chemiluminescence detector (SCD) through direct injection in this study. By the optimization of instrument conditions coupled with largevolume injection of 5 mL, the detection accuracy was greatly improved. Results showed that under the optimal conditions, the correlation coefficients of the linear regression equations of the 16 organic sulfides were all above 0.997, the method detection limits (MDL) were 0.14～0.59 μg/m³, and the relative standard deviations were 0.7%～4.6%. The MDL of hydrogen sulfide, carbonyl sulfur, methanethiol, methyl sulfide, dimethyl disulfide, carbon disulfide, thiophene, and tetrahydrothiophene were all lower than the olfactory thresholds. Our finding solves the technical issue that these sulfur compounds can be smelled but could not be detected, which is suitable for the determination of trace sulfur compounds in ambient air and fugitive emission samples.

Abstract:Both cavity ring-down spectroscopy (CRDS) and Online gas chromatography (GC) are widely used in the measurement of ambient methane. Comparison tests between CRDS and GC in ambient methane measurement through standard gas and actual gas samples were employed in this paper. The measurement results of ambient air samples showed high correlation and consistency by establishing a unified calibration method with standard gas. The uncertainty for methane standard gases measurement were both less than 0.5%, while CRDS was slightly better. The deviation for methane measurement of them was 0.28% at average, and there are no evident differences by using Ztest(α=0.05).In addition, it is suggested that CRDS method should be preferred for the atmospheric CH₄ monitoring with higher accuracy and stability, whereas GC method can be used for CH₄ monitoring in emission sources and surrounding areas.

Abstract:A method for direct determination of 12 elements in seawater was established. Matrix matching was achieved by standard addition method and equipped with ultrahigh matrix introduction system. The trace elements such as V，Cr，Mn，Co，Ni，Cu，Zn，As，Mo，Cd，Tl and Pb in seawater are directly analyzed by multiple analysis modes of ICPMS/MS. The method has been applied to the determination of CRMs of seawater GBW(E)080040 and GBW(E)080230 with satisfactory results. The recovery rates of actual seawater are between 85.2% and 108%, and the relative standard deviations are between 1.5% and 5.5%. The method detection limits of 12 elements in seawater are 0.003~0.085 μg/L, and the quantification limits are 0.012~0.340 μg/L. This method is low cost and easy to be operated and can be used as a routine detection method for elements in seawater.

Abstract:Total phosphorus (TP) is an important monitoring indicator of marine ecological environment. The traditional determination method of TP in seawater is the national standard method: Specifications for oceanographic surveyPart 4: Survey of chemical parameters in sea water14: Determination of total phosphorus (Potassium persulfate oxidation method). At present, the concentration of TP in seawater sometimes exceeds the scope of national standard detection and the dilution process is inevitable, which could be complex and affect the accuracy of the measurement results. Most of the other commonly used methods are high cost and not suitable for rapid continuous measurement of TP. In present study, we explored the influencing factors of the reaction system for the TP determination in seawater based on the theory of oxidation of phosphorus compounds as the principle of phosphate ions by persulfate. The results showed that the optimum reaction conditions for the TP determination in seawater with small reaction system was when the concentrations of potassium persulfate, ascorbic acid, ammonium molybdate and antimony potassium tartrate were respectively 40, 54, 37.5 and 1.75g/L, and the digestion time was 30 min. In this study, orthogonal verification combined with F and t tests proved that this newly established method for the TP determination in seawater fitted well with the measurement results of the national standard method. In addition, the upper limit of the concentration range was 28.8μmol/L based on new method of TP determination, which was 4.5 times higher than that of the national standard method. This method exhibits advantages in smaller reaction system, wider range of detection concentrations, and avoids errors caused by the gradient dilution step during the conventional detection process, providing new options for the TP determination in seawater.

Abstract:Taking the SiantangHexiWuxi river network which flows into Taihu Lake in Changxing County as the research object, the river network was divided into water source area, river network area, Xitiaoxi area and lake entrance area. The water quality of Changxing Countys river network in the wet season and dry season were investigated in August 2018 and January 2019, respectively. Spatial clustering method and water quality index were used to evaluate the spatial and temporal distribution of water quality. The results showed that, in general, the mean concentrations of NH₃-N and TN were higher in dry season than in wet season, while the mean values of COD_Mn and TP were higher in wet season than in dry season. The spatial clustering analysis showed that the distribution of water quality indexes had obvious spatial differences, showing the distribution characteristics of water source area > Xitiaoxi area > river network area > lake entrance area, and the lake entrance area were the main areas of pollutant aggregation. The analysis of comprehensive water quality identification index showed that the Changjiang River network flowing into Taihu Lake met class Ⅱ and class Ⅲ surface water quality standards. The single factor water quality identification index showed that DO, COD_Mn, NH₃-N and TP were better than class Ⅲ surface water quality standards. TN was the characteristic pollutant into Taihu Lake network. The mean mass concentration reached 2.24 mg/L in the wet season and 3.49 mg/L in the dry season, respectively. Therefore, further reduction of nitrogen pollution was the key to alleviate the eutrophication of the river network.

Abstract:Taking the urban reach of the Meshe River in Haikou as the research object, the rainfall runoff and the instantaneous water samples of the river after the rainfall runoff into the river were collected respectively in the rainy season of 2020. The concentrations of major heavy metal elements and their variation rules were measured and analyzed, and the dynamic response to the rainfall runoff was discussed. The results show that the contribution of rainfall runoff to the concentration of soluble pollution elements is not significant, but has a certain dilution effect on soluble zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and selenium (Se). 3 m downstream of the drainage outlet is the area where soluble chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn) and cobalt (Co) have the most significant response to rainfall runoff. Rainfall runoff makes a great contribution to the mass concentration of suspended elements, and 7 m downstream of the rainwater drain is the area where most of the suspended elements have the most significant response to rainfall runoff. The dynamic response of the total concentration of Mn, Zn, Cr, nickel (Ni), As, Co and Cd to the rainfall runoff is firstly increased and then decreased. Among them, 3 m downstream of the drain is the section where the total mass concentration of Cr and As has the most significant response to rainfall runoff; 7 m downstream of the drain is the section where the total mass concentration of Mn, Co, Ni, Zn and Cd has the most significant response to rainfall runoff. The results of estimating the total annual input of major pollutant elements by rainfall runoff show that the direct annual input of Mn and Zn into the receiving water bodies such as the Meshe River from the builtup area of Haikou City is the largest, followed by the input of Cr, As, Ni, Se and Cd are the smallest.

Abstract:In order to track and get full knowledge of the water quality of Huangpu River in Yangpu District of Shanghai, the water quality data of 6 monitoring sites from 2016 Jan. to 2021 Dec. were collected. Through the analysis of the annual average concentration of individual pollutants and the integrated pollution index, the variation characteristics of water quality were cleared. The results showed that after the river remediation work of Yangpu District in 2017, the water quality at the outlet of the Huangpu River Basin has been improved greatly. The results of the 6 sites showed the sections with dense residential areas had a huge impact on water quality, so the pollution situation in the Qiujiang River needs to be further strengthened in the followup management. The main pollutants in the river converted from NH₃-N to TP, indicating that the river remediation improves the selfpurification ability of the river, which had a remarkable influence on the water quality. The water quality in the rain season was inferior than others. Temperature, rainfall, pumping station discharge and sewage discharge were the main reasons for affecting the water quality.

Abstract:To analyze Lianyungangs carbon emission characteristics and to achieve ‘Carbon peak’ and ‘Carbon neutrality’ targets, by using the STIRPAT (Stochastic Impacts by Regression on Population, Affluence and Technology) model and ridge regression, a bidirection analysis of carbon emissions is done based on Lianyungangs carbon emission data from 2011 to 2020. Firstly, according to Lianyungangs energy 〖JP2〗consumption data from 2011 to 2020, Lianyungangs carbon emissions over the years are ‘backwardly’ calculated, which increase sustainably year by year. Secondly, by selecting population, per capita gross domestic product, urbanization rates, energy structure and industry structure as dominant factors, a STIRPAT model for ‘forward’ analysis is developed. Lianyungangs carbon emission model is established by Ridge regression, which shows different factors have different degrees of impact on carbon emission. Finally, six development models in Lianyungang are set up in advance and carbon emission data is predicted by scenario analysis method, which shows the mediumgrowthhighemissionreduction model is more suitable for Lianyungang, achieving carbon peak in 2030 with 47.889 million tons. Based on the development model, relevant recommendations are proposed for Lianyungang, such as adjusting the proportion of energy structure actively, accelerating the optimization of industrial structure.

Abstract:The present situation of environmental emergency monitoring capability in Qujing City is briefly described. In view of the problems and shortcomings of Qujing City ecological environmental emergency monitoring after the reform, such as unclear division of work functions and responsibilities, delay of early warning research and judgment, weakness of team construction, and coordination and link up emergency monitoring, the development idea of building a demonstrable ‘characteristic prefecturelevel environmental emergency monitoring base’ in western China is put forward. Tracking the development direction of new environmental emergency monitoring technology provides reference for promoting the development of prefecturelevel environmental emergency monitoring capacity under the vertical management system.