Abstract:This study utilized a linear fitting model to predict the number of COVID-19 infections based on the concentration of SARS-CoV-2 in urban wastewater， and evaluated the consistency between the predicted values and hospital-reported infection numbers. From March 2023 to March 2024， sampling points were established at wastewater treatment plants in Cities A and B， with water samples collected 1~2 times weekly， totaling 478 and 882 samples， respectively. Polyethylene glycol precipitation was used for concentration， followed by quantitative detection using real-time fluorescent reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction（RT-qPCR）. In conjunction with wastewater flow rates， the weekly average total copy number of SARS-CoV-2 was calculated. The linear fitting models were then used to predict the number of COVID-19 infections in Cities A and B. Predictive accuracy was evaluated through consistency tests， including the consistency index（d）， efficiency coefficient（E）， root mean square error（RMSE）， and Spearman's rank correlation coefficient（r）. The research results showed that the positive detection rates of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater from Cities A and B were 51.9% and 86.3%， respectively. The weekly average copy number of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater showed a consistent overall trend with the weekly average of daily new infections reported by hospitals， and the predicted number of COVID-19 infections exhibited consistent fluctuation trends with the hospital-reported numbers. For Cities A and B， the d values between the predicted and reported values were 0.854 0 and 0.853 4，E values were 0.566 6 and 0.588 0， RMSE values were 38.943 4 and 32.688 4， and r values were 0.856 4 and 0.734 2， respectively. Among these，d，E， and r demonstrated good consistency， while RMSE indicated weaker performance. The predicted values were， on average， 1.15 times and 2.46 times the reported values in Cities A and B， respectively. The predictive results of this method for the number of COVID-19 infections were similar to those reported by hospitals and showed comparable multiplicative relationships across different cities， providing a predictive framework for rapid and accurate future predictions of COVID-19 infection numbers.

Abstract:To explore the association between pulmonary nodules and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in individuals with typical air pollution exposure in Wanzhou District， Chongqing, a study was conducted from April 2022 to November 2023. 40 traffic police officers in Wanzhou District were recruited for questionnaire surveys and blood sample collection. 23 biochemical indicators were analyzed and a chest low-dose CT（LDCT） examination was performed. GC-MS was used to detect 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in serum. Based on the LDCT results， the participants were divided into two groups: those with and without pulmonary nodules. The differences in biochemical indicators and serum PAH concentrations between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the PAH types that were significantly associated with pulmonary nodules. Among the 40 participants in the study， 29 cases（72.50%） of pulmonary nodules were detected， including 5 cases（12.5%） of solitary pulmonary nodules， 24 cases（60%） of multiple pulmonary nodules， 22 cases of micronodules（55%）， and 7 cases（17.5%） of small nodules. According to LU-RADS classification, 12 cases（30%） were classfied as type 2 nodules， 16 cases（60%） as type 3 nodules， and 1 case（2.5%） as type 4 nodules. The concentrations of acenaphthene and fluoranthene in the serum of the pulmonary nodule group were significantly higher than those of the non-pulmonary nodule group（p<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis and robustness analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between that fluoranthene levels and the occurrence of pulmonary nodules（p<0.05）.

Abstract:Sewage represents a complex biological environment containing various viruses， which exhibit different survival capabilities during the treatment process and pose a range of threats to human health and the environment. To assess the potential health risks posed by viruses in sewage， this paper reviews the characteristics and monitoring status of common viruses in such settings. By leveraging Wastewater-Based Epidemiology（WBE） and Environmental Surveillance（ES） methods， the study explores the connection between viral contamination and human infections. Additionally， it employs the Quantitative Microbial Risk Assessment（QMRA） model to outline methods and strategies for health risk assessment of viruses in sewage. The aim is to enhance virus monitoring and management in sewage， providing a scientific basis for public health prevention and control.

Abstract:To investigate the pollution levels， sources and health risks associated with metal and metalloid elements in atmospheric PM_2.5 in Yangzhou City， continuous sampling was conducted at a fixed site from 2017 to 2022. The concentrations of target elements were determined by using ultrasonic extraction combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS）. The median（interquartile range） M（P25，P75） was employed to describe the concentration distributions. Based on the concentration limits of national standard a systematic evaluation of the pollution level was conducted. Spearman correlation coefficient analysis， Enrichment factors（EF） and principal component analysis（PCA） were utilized to further explore the source of each element. The results indicated that elements such as Tl， Sb， Pb， Se， Cd and As were likely associated with fossil fuel combustion， while Ni， Cr， and Mn were primarily from industrial emissions， and Al was significantly influenced by dust emissions. Health risk assessments suggested that under normal exposure scenarios，As and Cr（VI） posed potential carcinogenic risks for individuals aged 2 and above. Additionally， lifetime exposure to As， Cr（VI） and Cd also posed non-negligible carcinogenic risks， highlighting the need for these elements to be prioritized for monitoring and control.

Abstract:An online heavy metal analyzer was used to monitor eight heavy metals（Cr， Mn， Ni， Cu， Zn， As， Cd and Pb） in PM_2.5 in Suzhou City from December 1， 2021 to February 28， 2022. The source analysis was conducted using the enrichment factor method and potential source contribution method， and the risk assessment model was adopted for ecological and healthrisk assessment. The results showed that the concentrations of the eight heavy metals were ranked from high to low as Zn>Mn>Pb>Cu>Cr>As>Ni>Cd， and the concentrations of Ni， Cr， Mn， Cu， Pb and Zn increased with the increase of PM_2.5 concentration. As， Cu， Pb， Zn， and Cd elements were affected by anthropogenic sources， with Zn and Cd elements being severely affected by anthropogenic sources. The transmission in surrounding areas such as Anhui and Jiangsu provinces contributed to the concentration of heavy metals. The environmental health risk assessment model showed that the potential ecological risks of heavy metals are extremely strong， and the potential ecological risks of each element were in the order of Cd>As>Pb>Cu>Zn>Ni>Cr>Mn. The health risk assessment results showed that the exposure risk values of Zn， Cu， Mn， and Pb elements are less than 1， indicating a lower non carcinogenic risk. The carcinogenic risk of Cr element is the highest， with an acceptable risk for children and adults， followed by As element， which has an acceptable risk for adults. Cd and Ni elements posed no carcinogenic risk for either children or adults.

Abstract:PM_2.5 pollution has serious negative impacts on human health， society， and economy. In order to develop more effective control plans for PM_2.5 pollution， ensure the health of the people， and promote sustainable development of the environment， it is crucial to understand the key driving factors behind the formation of PM_2.5 pollution events. In this study， we constructed a random forest model using meteorological parameters and atmospheric pollutant emission inventory data to simulate the PM_2.5 concentration during the 2017 winter pollution events in the Yangtze River Delta region， and identified the driving factors of heavy pollution events using SHAP（SHapley Additive exPlanations） explainable machine learning. The research results indicate that meteorological factors have a complex impact on PM_2.5 concentration in heavy pollution events， among which precipitation， surface net solar radiation， and dew point temperature are important meteorological driving factors； SO₂ emissions from transportation sources， NH₃ emissions from agricultural sources， and VOCs emissions from solvent use also have a significant impact on PM_2.5 concentration.

Abstract:The basic characteristics of ozone pollution in Nantong were analyzed based on the data of automatic monitoring of ambient air from 2018 to 2022， with a focus on the process of continuous ozone pollution. The results showed that： （1） The type of ambient air pollution in Nantong changed from PM_2.5 to O₃ ， and the ozone pollution showed an increasing trend year by year. Notably， in the past two years， the ozone pollution appeared early and ended late， and the duration of exceeding the standard was extended. The ozone pollution was most severe in summer and slightly lower in spring in Nantong. The monthly variation trend showed a double peak in 2020， and a single peak distribution in other years. The diurnal variation of ozone concentration followed a unimodal pattern. （2） When ozone is continuously polluted， the concentration of ozone precursors NO₂ and VOCs accumulates， and the concentration is high. Simultaneously， weak wind， high temperature， and strong ultraviolet radiation are conducive to the local generation and accumulation of ozone and are affected by transmission. （3） Aromatic-hydrocarbon， OVOCs， and enyne are the main components contributing to ozone generation in Nantong， mainly from coating solvents， secondary generation， and industrial sources.

Abstract:This study took Wuxi watershed of Lake Taihu as the object to explore the contribution of algae-derived phosphorus to total phosphorus in Lake Taihu and analyze the relationship between the fluctuation of total phosphorus in the water body and the cyanobacterial blooms. By combining the current technical specifications for sampling and analysis of phytoplankton and total phosphorus， this study investigated the composition of algae species， algae density， and phosphorus content in different forms in algae-accumulated areas， and analyzed the contribution of algae-derived phosphorus to total phosphorus in the water body. The results showed that the dominant species of cyanobacterial blooms were Microcystis sp.， and the average phosphorus content of one Microcystis sp. cell was about 1.46×10^-10 mg. Specifically， 10⁸ cells/L of Microcystis spp. would contribute 0.0146 mg/L of phosphorus content for the total phosphorus in water. In water bodies with different degrees of algae aggregation， the contribution rate of algae-derived phosphorus to total phosphorus ranged from 2.7% to 55.4%. This study established the quantitative relationship between algal density and algal phosphorus， explored the contribution of algae-derived phosphorus to total phosphorus in water bodies with different algal concentrations， and confirmed that the algae-derived phosphorus was an important factor causing the fluctuation of total phosphorus value in Wuxi watershed of the Lake Taihu.

Abstract:A method using accelerated solvent extraction（ASE）， solid phase microextraction（SPME）， and gas chromato-graphy-mass spectrometry was established for the determination of 14 nitro-polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons（NPAHs） in fish samples. The conditions of ASE adsorbent type， extraction time， and extraction temperature were optimized. The results showed that the best adsorbent was neutral alumina， the extraction time was 35 min， and the extraction temperature was 55 ℃. Under optimal conditions， the detection limits ranged from 0.03 to 0.7 ng/g， with spike recoveries ranging from 59.1% to 106% and relative standard deviation ranging from 1.7% to 12%. The accuracy， precision， and detection limit of 14 NPAHs in fish meat could meet the requirements of actual sample analysis.

Abstract:A rapid and accurate method for the determination of phthalates in water by liquid-liquid small-volume extraction with gas chromatography/mass spectrometry was developed. DB-5 column separation was used to optimize the pretreatment methods such as blank value control， extraction solvent， extraction volume， different extraction methods， ion source temperature， inlet temperature， and chromatographic conditions. Under optimal experimental conditions， the detection limit of the phthalate method was 0.21 to 0.46 μg/L by the selective ion method. The recoveries were 70.0% to 127%， and the relative standard deviations were 1.39% to 11.1%. The results show that the method is simple， has low blank values， high sensitivity， and good reproducibility， and is suitable for the rapid determination of phthalates in groundwater， surface water， and industrial wastewater.

Abstract:From November 2021 to November 2022， the algae in the Erhai Lake Basin were compared by instruments and manual detection. By analyzing the comparison data， the accuracy， consistency and application scope of the instruments were discussed and verified. The results show that the cell density and species number of algae detected by the instrument are higher than those detected manually， but the changing trend is generally consistent， which can reflect the change of algae to some extent. The density of algae cells needs to be adjusted for instrument detection. The most suitable density of algae cells is 10~30 million cells/L， the relative deviation of instrument comparison is ± 40%， and the relative deviation of instrument twice counting results is ± 20%， which is suitable for trend research and monitoring with low requirements on data accuracy. The method detection limit of the instrument is 2.4×10⁴ cells/L when the sample is concentrated 5 times， and the detection limit verified by the blank experiment is higher than the method detection limit. For samples containing many impurities or plant debris， instrument detection yields many errors， making manual detection more suitable. When the density of algae cells in samples is lower than 5 million /L or higher than 100 million /L， the instrument detection can be too high or too low， with relatively large errors. In such cases， it is necessary to perform detection after concentration or dilution treatment or conduct manual detection instead.

Abstract:This article focused on a retired Co irradiation facility site in Jiangsu Province. A new high-recovery-rate soil sampling device was used to collect soil and groundwater samples for laboratory analysis. Concurrently， Surface Contamination Measuring Instruments and Portable X-ray Radiation Dose Rate Meters were utilized to monitor beta surface contamination and the gamma radiation airabsorbed dose rate. The results of the monitoring analysis showed that ⁶⁰Co was not detected in the soil and groundwater samples， and the detected concentration of ¹³⁷Cs in the soil samples all reached the clean release levels specified by the national standard， while the surface contamination of beta was lower than the standard release level. The air-absorbed dose rate of gamma radiation was within the normal fluctuation range of environmental radioactivity levels in Jiangsu Province. This indicated that the entire irradiation room area of the irradiation decommissioning site did not cause environmental pollution during operation and on-site decommissioning and could reach the level of unrestricted openness. Simultaneously， the application of new high-recovery-rate soil sampling devices has significantly improved sampling efficiency and accuracy， providing robust support for soil and groundwater environmental investigations.

Abstract:To better coordinate the relationship between ecological protection and socio-economic development， it is particularly important to scientifically evaluate the regional ecosystem service functions and their importance. Taking Ganyu District， Lianyungang City（a hilly area in eastern Jiangsu） as the study area， this study applied the Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Trade-offs（InVEST） model to evaluate the importance of ecological functions in four services， namely carbon fixation and oxygen release， water purification， biodiversity， and water resource supply. Furthermore， this study quantitatively identified the key ecological function zones in the study area and put forward suggestions for their protection and restoration. The evaluation results showed that the total area of key ecological function zones in Ganyu District is 383.06 km²， accounting for 25.93% of the district's total area. Among these， the area of Level Ⅰ ecological function zones is 8.24 km²， the area of Level Ⅱ ecological function zones is 82.13 km²， and the area of Level Ⅲ ecological function zones is 292.69 km². A preliminary ecological security pattern has been established to facilitate the coordination of ecosystem protection and socioeconomic development in the district. Based on this foundation， combined with the current agricultural development status of Ganyu District， targeted suggestions are proposed for the protection of the three levels of ecological function zones and the agricultural development and utilization of the entire district. This study provides a reference for optimizing the spatial planning of Ganyu District and advancing ecological civilization.

Abstract:In January and February 2023， Deyang Atmospheric Super Station was selected as the observation site to monitor the fine particulate matter（PM_2.5） in winter in Deyang， and the characteristics and sources of PM_2.5 in winter in Deyang were analyzed by using the positive matrix factorization（PMF） model. The results show that most of the PM_2.5 pollution sources in winter in Deyang come from local emissions， and PM_2.5 components are mainly organic matter， sulfate， nitrate， and ammonium salt. Secondary organic aerosol accounts for the highest contribution of pollution sources（38.0%）， followed by mobile sources（27.1%）， biomass combustion（11.3%）， fixed combustion sources（11.0%）， industrial production（5.7%）， dust sources（4.6%）， and fireworks and firecrackers（2.3%）. From the point of view of control， Deyang should focus on strengthening the control of mobile sources and combustion sources in winter， implementing source management and green travel， as well as taking measures such as defining the place and time for setting off fireworks and firecrackers during key holidays.

Abstract:Based on a portable emission measurement system（PEMS） and fuel consumption monitoring equipment， this study selected eight Stage IV emission phase non-road mobile machinery（four excavators and four loaders） to test the carbon monoxide（CO）， carbon dioxide（CO₂） emissions of exhaust， and fuel consumption. The feasibility of estimating fuel consumption using the carbon balance method was verified， and the carbon emission characteristics of the machinery at high power stages were analyzed. The test results show that fuel consumption is significantly correlated with carbon emissions， and the measured carbon emission factor for the machinery in the high power range is 640 to 720 g/（kW·h）， which is 11 to 17 times the recommended value for the entire power range of the machinery. The carbon balance method can be used to conveniently and quickly estimate the carbon emissions of nonroad mobile machinery， providing technical support for the formulation of related pollution prevention and control policies.

Abstract:The water quality analysis of 6 streams in the West Lake Scenic Area of Hangzhou from 2018 to 2023 was conducted through singlefactor water quality evaluation， comprehensive water quality index， and principal component analysis. The results indicate that the annual average concentrations of total phosphorus（TP）， ammonia nitrogen（NH₃-N）， dissolved oxygen（DO）， and permanganate index（I_Mn） in all 6 monitored sample sectors stably reached the limits of surface water class Ⅲ. The comprehensive water quality index and principal component analysis indicated that the water quality in the Meiwu Stream and Jinlong River exhibited relatively significant fluctuations， with key influencing factors being NH₃-N and TP， respectively. Seasonal water quality analysis revealed that the water quality fluctuations in the Meiwu Stream mainly occurred in autumn（September-November） and winter（December-February）， potentially related to agricultural non-point source pollution in the surrounding areas. The water quality fluctuations in the Jinlong River primarily occurred in spring（March-May）， influenced by the release of internal source pollution from the sediment. It is recommended to improve water environment management measures by strengthening internal pollution control， conducting monitoring and prevention of agricultural non-point source pollution， and optimizing outfall management.

Abstract:This study analyses the temporal and spatial distribution characteristics and correlation of total nitrogen（TN）， total phosphorus（TP）， and organic matter（OM） contents in eight surface layer（0~10 cm） sediment samples collected from Kuncheng Lake in March and August 2022. The degree of sediment contamination was evaluated using the improved Nemerow Index method and the organic pollution index method. The results showed that：（1） The average values of ρ（TN） at Kuncheng Lake during the flood season and non-flood season were 0.364 and 1.024 mg/L， and the average values of ρ（TP） during the corresponding periods were 0.119 and 0.058 mg/L， respectively.（2） The mean values of ω（TN）， ω/（TP）， and ω（OM） in the surface sediment of Kuncheng Lake during the flood season were 1，099.7， 584.3 mg/kg and 15.45 g/kg， respectively， while the mean values were 893.9， 529.3 mg/kg and 23.05 g/kg during the non-flood season. Temporally， the mean values of ω（TN） and ω（TP） in flood season were higher than those in non-flood season， while the opposite was true for ω（OM）. Spatially， all of them showed a decreasing distribution trend from north to south.（3） The results of Pearson's correlation analysis indicate that TP and OM are significantly positively correlated during flood season（r=0.757，p<0.05）， while TN and OM are significantly positively correlated during non-flood season（r=0.928，p<0.05）.（4） The integrated pollution index of the entire lake's surface sediment was 1.36 and 1.17 during the flood and non-flood seasons， respectively， indicating mild pollution and light pollution. The organic pollution index for the same periods was 0.10 and 0.14， respectively， which belonged to the relatively clean grade， indicating a low overall organic pollution level in Kuncheng Lake.

Abstract:The electromagnetic radiation impact of 5G communication base stations varies significantly in different operating frequency bands and application scenarios， and is therefore of practical guidance significance for conducting regional electromagnetic environment monitoring and evaluation for batch base stations. This study conducted frequency band radiation environment monitoring on newly built 5G base stations in Bengbu City， Anhui Province， from August to December 2023. The regional survey monitoring method was used to compare and analyze the electromagnetic environment impact of 5G base stations in different frequency bands， and the current level of electromagnetic radiation environment in the 5G base station area was obtained. Three typical scenarios， including data transmission， video interaction， and no business broadcasting， were selected for actual testing. Key factors such as monitoring points and application scenarios that affect the electromagnetic radiation environment monitoring results were proposed， and suggestions were given for prioritizing the use of data transmission application scenarios in 5G base station radiation environment monitoring.