中国科技核心期刊 CN 32-1805/X ISSN 1674-6732
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YU Jianqiao, ZHONG Sheng, YUAN Qi, ZHOU Derong, CAI Zhe, GU Jingyuan, WANG Yueman, HE Yanan, LIU Qiang, JIANG Fei
2026,18(1):1-8, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.001
Abstract:
Based on column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2（XCO-2） data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2（OCO-2） satellite， CO2 emissions from six thermal power plants in Jiangsu Province were estimated using a Gaussian plume model combined with the least squares method. In calculating plume rise height within the Gaussian plume model， the line connecting each thermal power plant and the satellite pixel with the maximum XCO-2 concentration was selected as the optimal wind direction， allowing the simulated plume rise height and wind direction to better reflect actual conditions to optimize the model. The results showed：（1）A total of six thermal power plants with satellite transit were screened. Among them， one plant was fully covered by the satellite strip， and five corresponded to satellite overpasses with ground tracks located within 25 km of the power plants. The simulated XCO-2 enhancement value ranged from 0.2×10-6～3×10-6.（2）There is a negative correlation between the plume rising height and wind speed. Under strong winds， the plumes rising height will decrease， and under weak winds， the plume's rising height will increase.（3）The estimated emissions are highly consistent with corporate reports and multiple emission inventories， including the Carbon Monitoring for Action（CARMA）， the Global Power Emissions Database（GPED）， and Carbon Brief. This approach provides effective validation support for satellite based monitoring of point source carbon emissions， reduces uncertainties arising from lag and human influence in bottom-up emission inventories， and offers technical support for the development of carbon mitigation policies for thermal power plants.
Based on column-averaged dry-air mole fraction of CO2（XCO-2） data from the Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2（OCO-2） satellite， CO2 emissions from six thermal power plants in Jiangsu Province were estimated using a Gaussian plume model combined with the least squares method. In calculating plume rise height within the Gaussian plume model， the line connecting each thermal power plant and the satellite pixel with the maximum XCO-2 concentration was selected as the optimal wind direction， allowing the simulated plume rise height and wind direction to better reflect actual conditions to optimize the model. The results showed：（1）A total of six thermal power plants with satellite transit were screened. Among them， one plant was fully covered by the satellite strip， and five corresponded to satellite overpasses with ground tracks located within 25 km of the power plants. The simulated XCO-2 enhancement value ranged from 0.2×10-6～3×10-6.（2）There is a negative correlation between the plume rising height and wind speed. Under strong winds， the plumes rising height will decrease， and under weak winds， the plume's rising height will increase.（3）The estimated emissions are highly consistent with corporate reports and multiple emission inventories， including the Carbon Monitoring for Action（CARMA）， the Global Power Emissions Database（GPED）， and Carbon Brief. This approach provides effective validation support for satellite based monitoring of point source carbon emissions， reduces uncertainties arising from lag and human influence in bottom-up emission inventories， and offers technical support for the development of carbon mitigation policies for thermal power plants.
CHEN Hui, JU Defu, GAO Min, SONG Yanhong, ZHANG Lijuan, LIU Yao, CAO Xiping, SHANG Chunlin, WANG Fang, ZHAO Liyuan, BA Yin, TANG Zhe
2026,18(1):9-14, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.002
Abstract:
With the continuous advancement of the “dual carbon” goal， the positive role of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions is increasingly prominent. Wuhai City is one of the cities with poor air quality in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， facing the dual pressure of improving ambient air quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It is particularly necessary to implement coordinated emission reduction of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. In this study， the emissions of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases were evaluated based on the emission factor method， and the synergistic effect of air pollutant and greenhouse gas emission reduction in Wuhai City from 2018 to 2022 was evaluated using methods such as synergistic control effect coordinate system analysis and synergistic control cross elasticity analysis. From 2018 to 2022， the highest proportion of equivalent emissions of air pollution in Wuhai City was in the industrial and service sectors， and the highest proportion of carbon dioxide emissions was in the industrial sector. The evaluation results of the synergistic control coordinate system indicated that Wuhai City effectively controlled the emissions of sulfur dioxide and inhalable particulate matter from 2018 to 2022， but did not achieve effective control of nitrogen oxides or carbon dioxide， and did not have a synergistic control effect.
With the continuous advancement of the “dual carbon” goal， the positive role of synergistic reduction of pollution and carbon emissions is increasingly prominent. Wuhai City is one of the cities with poor air quality in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region， facing the dual pressure of improving ambient air quality and reducing greenhouse gas emissions. It is particularly necessary to implement coordinated emission reduction of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases. In this study， the emissions of atmospheric pollutants and greenhouse gases were evaluated based on the emission factor method， and the synergistic effect of air pollutant and greenhouse gas emission reduction in Wuhai City from 2018 to 2022 was evaluated using methods such as synergistic control effect coordinate system analysis and synergistic control cross elasticity analysis. From 2018 to 2022， the highest proportion of equivalent emissions of air pollution in Wuhai City was in the industrial and service sectors， and the highest proportion of carbon dioxide emissions was in the industrial sector. The evaluation results of the synergistic control coordinate system indicated that Wuhai City effectively controlled the emissions of sulfur dioxide and inhalable particulate matter from 2018 to 2022， but did not achieve effective control of nitrogen oxides or carbon dioxide， and did not have a synergistic control effect.
2026,18(1):15-23, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.003
Abstract:
With the continuous advancement of the construction of the comprehensive transportation system in Yunnan Province， carbon emissions in the transportation industry are steadily growing. This study calculates the carbon emissions of the transportation industry in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2022. Based on these calculations， the Tapio decoupling model is used to analyze the decoupling status of carbon emissions， and the GM（1，1） grey prediction model is applied to forecast the carbon emissions of Yunnan's transportation industry from 2023 to 2030. The results indicate that：（1）The carbon emissions of Yunnans transportation industry have shown a continuous upward trend， rising from 14.34 million tons in 2008 to 27.35 million tons in 2022. The main source of carbon emissions is energy consumption， with diesel and gasoline accounting for a significant proportion and showing rapid growth.（2）Between 2008 and 2022， the decoupling status of carbon emissions in Yunnan's transportation industry alternated cyclically between “Strong negative decoupling-Weak decoupling-Strong decoupling，” indicating that a stable decoupling state has not yet been achieved， and there is still a considerable gap to realizing absolute decoupling.（3）According to the carbon emission prediction results， the carbon emissions of Yunnan's transportation industry will reach 39.33 million tons in 2030， with a sustained upward trend. Therefore， to ensure the timely achievement of the carbon peak target in Yunnan's transportation industry， it is imperative to further implement robust energy-saving and carbon reduction measures.
With the continuous advancement of the construction of the comprehensive transportation system in Yunnan Province， carbon emissions in the transportation industry are steadily growing. This study calculates the carbon emissions of the transportation industry in Yunnan Province from 2008 to 2022. Based on these calculations， the Tapio decoupling model is used to analyze the decoupling status of carbon emissions， and the GM（1，1） grey prediction model is applied to forecast the carbon emissions of Yunnan's transportation industry from 2023 to 2030. The results indicate that：（1）The carbon emissions of Yunnans transportation industry have shown a continuous upward trend， rising from 14.34 million tons in 2008 to 27.35 million tons in 2022. The main source of carbon emissions is energy consumption， with diesel and gasoline accounting for a significant proportion and showing rapid growth.（2）Between 2008 and 2022， the decoupling status of carbon emissions in Yunnan's transportation industry alternated cyclically between “Strong negative decoupling-Weak decoupling-Strong decoupling，” indicating that a stable decoupling state has not yet been achieved， and there is still a considerable gap to realizing absolute decoupling.（3）According to the carbon emission prediction results， the carbon emissions of Yunnan's transportation industry will reach 39.33 million tons in 2030， with a sustained upward trend. Therefore， to ensure the timely achievement of the carbon peak target in Yunnan's transportation industry， it is imperative to further implement robust energy-saving and carbon reduction measures.
2026,18(1):24-29, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.004
Abstract:
This study focused on the hilly mountainous area near Hengtang Village in the Tianmuhu region of Liyang City， located within the Yili low-mountain and hill zone. Based on UAV visible-multispectral fusion data， Deep Convolutional Neural Network（DCNN） and Random Forest（RF） models were constructed to perform a comparative research on multi season vegetation classification. The results demonstrated that the DCNN model significantly outperformed RF， achieving overall accuracies of 99.49%~99.81% across seasons（Kappa coefficient 99.25%~99.72%）， with a maximum improvement of 32.06 percentage points over RF. Particularly， user accuracies for complex vegetation types like deciduous tree forests and Chinese bayberry trees exceeded 95%. Classification outcomes revealed seasonal variability： optimal precision occurred in winter and spring with high consistency with field validation， while summer witnessed reduced recognition accuracy for tea plantations and deciduous forests due to phenological changes. Stable year round identification was achieved for roads， water bodies， and buildings， with bamboo forests maintaining high classification accuracy across seasons due to spectral consistency. This research validates the effectiveness of combining UAV remote sensing and deep learning for accurately interpreting internal vegetation patterns， phenological dynamics， and temporal changes for forest， grassland， and other land cover types， providing technical support for intelligent ecological monitoring. Current limitations in label dynamic updating， manual annotation bias， and computational complexity require future optimizations in semi-automatic annotation and lightweight model construction.
This study focused on the hilly mountainous area near Hengtang Village in the Tianmuhu region of Liyang City， located within the Yili low-mountain and hill zone. Based on UAV visible-multispectral fusion data， Deep Convolutional Neural Network（DCNN） and Random Forest（RF） models were constructed to perform a comparative research on multi season vegetation classification. The results demonstrated that the DCNN model significantly outperformed RF， achieving overall accuracies of 99.49%~99.81% across seasons（Kappa coefficient 99.25%~99.72%）， with a maximum improvement of 32.06 percentage points over RF. Particularly， user accuracies for complex vegetation types like deciduous tree forests and Chinese bayberry trees exceeded 95%. Classification outcomes revealed seasonal variability： optimal precision occurred in winter and spring with high consistency with field validation， while summer witnessed reduced recognition accuracy for tea plantations and deciduous forests due to phenological changes. Stable year round identification was achieved for roads， water bodies， and buildings， with bamboo forests maintaining high classification accuracy across seasons due to spectral consistency. This research validates the effectiveness of combining UAV remote sensing and deep learning for accurately interpreting internal vegetation patterns， phenological dynamics， and temporal changes for forest， grassland， and other land cover types， providing technical support for intelligent ecological monitoring. Current limitations in label dynamic updating， manual annotation bias， and computational complexity require future optimizations in semi-automatic annotation and lightweight model construction.
2026,18(1):30-36, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.005
Abstract:
To effectively control dichloromethane emissions from enterprises in a typical petrochemical industrial park and reduce their levels in the ambient air， a comprehensive study was conducted. This study involved the investigation of basic information of potential emission enterprises around the observation site， the construction of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） fingerprint profile， and the combination of analysis methods, such as component correlation analysis and meteorological analysis. The key emission sources of regional dichloromethane and corresponding emission characteristics were identified， and the results were applied to the analysis of typical cases. The results indicate that the major emission sources are located in the directions of 0~45°， 180~225°， and 270~315°. Enterprise B， located in the 0~45° direction， emitted dichloromethane along with n heptane and toluene， whereas enterprise C emitted dichloromethane along with n-heptane and n-hexane. Enterprise A， situated in the 180~225° direction, emitted dichloromethane alone. Enterprise E， located in the 270~315° direction, emitted dichloromethane along with isopropylbenzene， benzene， and toluene. Among these sources， Enterprises A and C were identified as the primary emitters of high levels of dichloromethane， characterized by isolated high levels of dichloromethane in the monitoring data under south and southwest winds for enterprise A， and high levels of both dichloromethane and n-heptane under northeast winds for enterprise C. Using two episodes of high levels of dichloromethane as case studies， the main sources were identified based on VOCs composition and meteorological characteristics during the pollution events. The results have identified the key enterprises for the reduction of dichloromethane emissions in the park， and the applied method of components correlation analysis and meteorological analysis has provided a solution for the source tracing of multi-source air pollutants.
To effectively control dichloromethane emissions from enterprises in a typical petrochemical industrial park and reduce their levels in the ambient air， a comprehensive study was conducted. This study involved the investigation of basic information of potential emission enterprises around the observation site， the construction of volatile organic compounds（VOCs） fingerprint profile， and the combination of analysis methods, such as component correlation analysis and meteorological analysis. The key emission sources of regional dichloromethane and corresponding emission characteristics were identified， and the results were applied to the analysis of typical cases. The results indicate that the major emission sources are located in the directions of 0~45°， 180~225°， and 270~315°. Enterprise B， located in the 0~45° direction， emitted dichloromethane along with n heptane and toluene， whereas enterprise C emitted dichloromethane along with n-heptane and n-hexane. Enterprise A， situated in the 180~225° direction, emitted dichloromethane alone. Enterprise E， located in the 270~315° direction, emitted dichloromethane along with isopropylbenzene， benzene， and toluene. Among these sources， Enterprises A and C were identified as the primary emitters of high levels of dichloromethane， characterized by isolated high levels of dichloromethane in the monitoring data under south and southwest winds for enterprise A， and high levels of both dichloromethane and n-heptane under northeast winds for enterprise C. Using two episodes of high levels of dichloromethane as case studies， the main sources were identified based on VOCs composition and meteorological characteristics during the pollution events. The results have identified the key enterprises for the reduction of dichloromethane emissions in the park， and the applied method of components correlation analysis and meteorological analysis has provided a solution for the source tracing of multi-source air pollutants.
2026,18(1):37-44, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.006
Abstract:
Based on the data of day-by-day water quality and rainfall， the main indicators and time distribution characteristics of water quality exceeding the standard at a provincial control section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal（Jiaxing section） in 2023 were analyzed， and the main causes of dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus exceeding the standard were discussed. The results showed that the main indexes exceeding the standard of the study section in 2023 were total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen， and the dissolved oxygen showed a V-shaped change trend throughout the year， with the days failing to meet the standard mainly distributed from early May to mid-October. The concentration of total phosphorus fluctuated violently throughout the year， and the period of exceeding the standard was mainly from mid-April to the end of August and from mid-November to the end of December. There was a significant negative correlation between dissolved oxygen and water temperature（r=-0.96）. The high water temperature from early May to mid-October was the leading factor for the non-compliance of dissolved oxygen， followed by the organic pollutants brought by discharge from riparian farmland and rainfall runoff. The total phosphorus was significantly higher than that of the state-controlled section in the upper reaches（19.75% higher on average）， and the contribution from agricultural sources along the banks to the total phosphorus of the study section was dominant. In addition， the upstream water also had a certain impact on the total phosphorus of the study section. In order to improve the water ecological environment quality of the basin and ensure the water quality of the provincial control section is stable and up to standard， it was suggested to take control measures， including the construction of riparian shelterbelt， the joint operation of sluice and pump， the restoration of aquatic vegetation， the optimization of water management in paddy fields， the construction of ecological interception ditches， and the linkage of upstream and downstream water control.
Based on the data of day-by-day water quality and rainfall， the main indicators and time distribution characteristics of water quality exceeding the standard at a provincial control section of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal（Jiaxing section） in 2023 were analyzed， and the main causes of dissolved oxygen and total phosphorus exceeding the standard were discussed. The results showed that the main indexes exceeding the standard of the study section in 2023 were total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen， and the dissolved oxygen showed a V-shaped change trend throughout the year， with the days failing to meet the standard mainly distributed from early May to mid-October. The concentration of total phosphorus fluctuated violently throughout the year， and the period of exceeding the standard was mainly from mid-April to the end of August and from mid-November to the end of December. There was a significant negative correlation between dissolved oxygen and water temperature（r=-0.96）. The high water temperature from early May to mid-October was the leading factor for the non-compliance of dissolved oxygen， followed by the organic pollutants brought by discharge from riparian farmland and rainfall runoff. The total phosphorus was significantly higher than that of the state-controlled section in the upper reaches（19.75% higher on average）， and the contribution from agricultural sources along the banks to the total phosphorus of the study section was dominant. In addition， the upstream water also had a certain impact on the total phosphorus of the study section. In order to improve the water ecological environment quality of the basin and ensure the water quality of the provincial control section is stable and up to standard， it was suggested to take control measures， including the construction of riparian shelterbelt， the joint operation of sluice and pump， the restoration of aquatic vegetation， the optimization of water management in paddy fields， the construction of ecological interception ditches， and the linkage of upstream and downstream water control.
2026,18(1):45-49, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.007
Abstract:
In order to solve the problem of low early-warning rate in the monitoring process of total phosphorus anomalies， an online warning method for total phosphorus anomalies based on automatic range-switching technology was studied. By using automatic range-switching technology， the inlet volume and dilution degree of the water sample at the monitoring point can be automatically adjusted to obtain the total phosphorus mass concentration at the current monitoring point. Based on the Lambert-Beer law， the total phosphorus mass concentration in the water sample can be calculated， and then the phosphorus index can be calculated accordingly. The simplified 1—3 scale method is applied to determine the weight of the phosphorus index， and the corresponding warning threshold is determined based on different comprehensive indices of total phosphorus mass concentration and surface water total phosphorus standard limits， achieving online warning of total phosphorus anomalies. The experiment used the automatic range-switching method designed in this article and the laboratory UV-visible spectrophotometry to determine the total phosphorus mass concentration. The experimental results showed that the monitoring results obtained by the two methods were highly correlated， with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. In simulating sudden total phosphorus anomaly events， anomalous data can be accurately alerted with a warning rate of 100%. This method helps water quality management personnel understand the total phosphorus status in surface water， which is of great significance for maintaining water resource quality.
In order to solve the problem of low early-warning rate in the monitoring process of total phosphorus anomalies， an online warning method for total phosphorus anomalies based on automatic range-switching technology was studied. By using automatic range-switching technology， the inlet volume and dilution degree of the water sample at the monitoring point can be automatically adjusted to obtain the total phosphorus mass concentration at the current monitoring point. Based on the Lambert-Beer law， the total phosphorus mass concentration in the water sample can be calculated， and then the phosphorus index can be calculated accordingly. The simplified 1—3 scale method is applied to determine the weight of the phosphorus index， and the corresponding warning threshold is determined based on different comprehensive indices of total phosphorus mass concentration and surface water total phosphorus standard limits， achieving online warning of total phosphorus anomalies. The experiment used the automatic range-switching method designed in this article and the laboratory UV-visible spectrophotometry to determine the total phosphorus mass concentration. The experimental results showed that the monitoring results obtained by the two methods were highly correlated， with a correlation coefficient of 0.995. In simulating sudden total phosphorus anomaly events， anomalous data can be accurately alerted with a warning rate of 100%. This method helps water quality management personnel understand the total phosphorus status in surface water， which is of great significance for maintaining water resource quality.
2026,18(1):50-54, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.008
Abstract:
Ammonia-nitrogen is an important pollution indicator of water quality. Among its most widely used detecting methods， Nessler's reagent method is often preferred by environmental monitoring institutions because of its stable characteristics. As a classic laboratory method， it requires sample collection and transportation to the laboratory， followed by sample pretreatment before analysis， resulting in a relatively long monitoring cycle. Portable photometers based on this method enable direct and rapid on-site detection， featuring simple and efficient operation that facilitates widespread adoption in various emergency monitoring scenarios and water quality surveys. By investigating quality control methods for determining ammonia nitrogen in water using portable rapid detection instruments， the study revealed that within an ammonia nitrogen concentration range of 0~4 mg/L， the portable spectrophotometer can yield a satisfactory calibration curve equation with a linear correlation coefficient（r） >0.999. When the minimum sample volume is 0.1 mL and the final volume is 10 mL， the upper limit of the measurement range can reach 400 mg/L. The calibration curve embedded in the instrument satisfied verification requirements for standard points at different concentrations， with a relative error ≤ 10%. The quality of pre-packaged reagent kits significantly impacts the determination of low-concentration certified reference materials and real samples， necessitating verification prior to use. By clearly defining control ranges and influencing factors through quality control methods， the accuracy and comparability of portable photometric methods for measuring ammonia nitrogen concentrations in water can be maximized.
Ammonia-nitrogen is an important pollution indicator of water quality. Among its most widely used detecting methods， Nessler's reagent method is often preferred by environmental monitoring institutions because of its stable characteristics. As a classic laboratory method， it requires sample collection and transportation to the laboratory， followed by sample pretreatment before analysis， resulting in a relatively long monitoring cycle. Portable photometers based on this method enable direct and rapid on-site detection， featuring simple and efficient operation that facilitates widespread adoption in various emergency monitoring scenarios and water quality surveys. By investigating quality control methods for determining ammonia nitrogen in water using portable rapid detection instruments， the study revealed that within an ammonia nitrogen concentration range of 0~4 mg/L， the portable spectrophotometer can yield a satisfactory calibration curve equation with a linear correlation coefficient（r） >0.999. When the minimum sample volume is 0.1 mL and the final volume is 10 mL， the upper limit of the measurement range can reach 400 mg/L. The calibration curve embedded in the instrument satisfied verification requirements for standard points at different concentrations， with a relative error ≤ 10%. The quality of pre-packaged reagent kits significantly impacts the determination of low-concentration certified reference materials and real samples， necessitating verification prior to use. By clearly defining control ranges and influencing factors through quality control methods， the accuracy and comparability of portable photometric methods for measuring ammonia nitrogen concentrations in water can be maximized.
2026,18(1):55-59, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.009
Abstract:
The research focused on improving the determination of soil cation exchange capacity in terms of accuracy， efficiency， and environmental sustainability. Existing standard methods have many deficiencies. This study optimized key experimental procedures such as blank tests and extraction steps. It investigated the impact of soil sample mass， extractant volume， and ultrasonic extraction duration on the measurement results. After optimization， the extraction time was cut from 1 h to 10 min， with the liquid-solid ratio unchanged. The soil sample mass was reduced from 3.5 g to 2.1 g， and the extractant volume from 50 mL to 30 mL. This reduced pretreatment time and saved reagents and samples. The new method showed great linearity in the 0~1.49 cmol/L（r=0.999 9）. Its detection limit was 0.8 cmol+/kg， and the quantification limit was 3.2 cmol+/kg. For real soil samples， the relative standard deviation in replicate analysis was 1.2 % to 3.5 % （n=6）. Measurements of certified reference materials were within certified ranges， with relative errors ranging from -4.3 % to 5.8 %（n=6）， proving their high precision and accuracy. The optimized method was simple， time saving， and resource-efficient， making it suitable for the analysis of a large number of soil samples.
The research focused on improving the determination of soil cation exchange capacity in terms of accuracy， efficiency， and environmental sustainability. Existing standard methods have many deficiencies. This study optimized key experimental procedures such as blank tests and extraction steps. It investigated the impact of soil sample mass， extractant volume， and ultrasonic extraction duration on the measurement results. After optimization， the extraction time was cut from 1 h to 10 min， with the liquid-solid ratio unchanged. The soil sample mass was reduced from 3.5 g to 2.1 g， and the extractant volume from 50 mL to 30 mL. This reduced pretreatment time and saved reagents and samples. The new method showed great linearity in the 0~1.49 cmol/L（r=0.999 9）. Its detection limit was 0.8 cmol+/kg， and the quantification limit was 3.2 cmol+/kg. For real soil samples， the relative standard deviation in replicate analysis was 1.2 % to 3.5 % （n=6）. Measurements of certified reference materials were within certified ranges， with relative errors ranging from -4.3 % to 5.8 %（n=6）， proving their high precision and accuracy. The optimized method was simple， time saving， and resource-efficient， making it suitable for the analysis of a large number of soil samples.
2026,18(1):60-65, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.010
Abstract:
To reduce monitoring errors caused by variations in iodine species within groundwater and enhance the accuracy and timeliness of iodide monitoring， this study investigated strategies for stabilizing iodide speciation in groundwater through redox potential and pH adjustments. Ammonia solution［0.5%（V/V）］ was added as a protective agent to establish a weakly reductive-alkaline environment to effectively inhibit the transformation of iodide into other species， extending the stabilization period of iodides in groundwater to 5 days（with a relative standard deviation， RSD≤3.5%）. Combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） technology， excellent linear correlation（r=0.999 93） was achieved within the range of 1.00~500.00 μg/L， with a detection limit of 0.78 μg/L. Unlike conventional direct analysis of raw samples， this method facilitates accurate quantification of groundwater iodide levels and extends the utilization of ICP-MS techniques within standardized environmental analytical frameworks.
To reduce monitoring errors caused by variations in iodine species within groundwater and enhance the accuracy and timeliness of iodide monitoring， this study investigated strategies for stabilizing iodide speciation in groundwater through redox potential and pH adjustments. Ammonia solution［0.5%（V/V）］ was added as a protective agent to establish a weakly reductive-alkaline environment to effectively inhibit the transformation of iodide into other species， extending the stabilization period of iodides in groundwater to 5 days（with a relative standard deviation， RSD≤3.5%）. Combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry（ICP-MS） technology， excellent linear correlation（r=0.999 93） was achieved within the range of 1.00~500.00 μg/L， with a detection limit of 0.78 μg/L. Unlike conventional direct analysis of raw samples， this method facilitates accurate quantification of groundwater iodide levels and extends the utilization of ICP-MS techniques within standardized environmental analytical frameworks.
2026,18(1):66-72, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.011
Abstract:
The particle size data of the atmosphere in Nanjing were monitored using a light scattering particle size spectrometer from September 18th to December 31st， 2024. Simultaneously， manual filter samples of fine particulate matter（PM2.5） were collected and cross-validated with data from a national-control β-ray PM2.5 automatic monitoring instrument. Based on particle size channel data combined with particulate component measurements from the local atmospheric supersite， a site-specific database was established for particulate matter source apportionment. In addition， field measurements of typical pollution sources， including construction dust and motor vehicle exhaust， were carried out to verify the correspondence between particle size channels and specific emission sources. Results showed that： The data from the light-scattering spectrometer exhibited good agreement with the manual PM2.5 data（r=0.85） and the automatic monitoring instrument stipulated by the national standard（r=0.95）， meeting the national regulatory requirements. Source apportionment results indicated that the light-scattering particle size spectrometer can effectively identify five major pollution sources， including mobile sources， combustion sources， secondary sources， industrial sources， and dust sources， with contribution estimates generally consistent with those obtained from the atmospheric supersite. During a pollution episode at the Caochangmen in Nanjing， particulate matter was primarily contributed by mobile sources（42.69%）， followed by combustion sources（22.16%）， while the contributions of secondary sources， industrial sources， and dust sources were 18.62%， 3.98%， and 12.55%， respectively. The study explored the framework-based traceability method constructed using the particle size component data monitored by the light scattering particle size analyzer， providing an important direction for precise control and continuous improvement of PM2.5.
The particle size data of the atmosphere in Nanjing were monitored using a light scattering particle size spectrometer from September 18th to December 31st， 2024. Simultaneously， manual filter samples of fine particulate matter（PM2.5） were collected and cross-validated with data from a national-control β-ray PM2.5 automatic monitoring instrument. Based on particle size channel data combined with particulate component measurements from the local atmospheric supersite， a site-specific database was established for particulate matter source apportionment. In addition， field measurements of typical pollution sources， including construction dust and motor vehicle exhaust， were carried out to verify the correspondence between particle size channels and specific emission sources. Results showed that： The data from the light-scattering spectrometer exhibited good agreement with the manual PM2.5 data（r=0.85） and the automatic monitoring instrument stipulated by the national standard（r=0.95）， meeting the national regulatory requirements. Source apportionment results indicated that the light-scattering particle size spectrometer can effectively identify five major pollution sources， including mobile sources， combustion sources， secondary sources， industrial sources， and dust sources， with contribution estimates generally consistent with those obtained from the atmospheric supersite. During a pollution episode at the Caochangmen in Nanjing， particulate matter was primarily contributed by mobile sources（42.69%）， followed by combustion sources（22.16%）， while the contributions of secondary sources， industrial sources， and dust sources were 18.62%， 3.98%， and 12.55%， respectively. The study explored the framework-based traceability method constructed using the particle size component data monitored by the light scattering particle size analyzer， providing an important direction for precise control and continuous improvement of PM2.5.
2026,18(1):73-80, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.012
Abstract:
From January 2021 to September 2022， the concentration of heavy metals（Cu， Zn， Pb， As， Cr， Cd， and Hg） in sediments of Riyue Bay was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that the mean concentrations of the selected heavy metals were relatively low in surface sediments from the Riyue Bay， which met the class 1 criteria of China's Marine Sediment Quality standard（GB 18668—2002）. Geo-accumulation indices calculated using the average value of shallow sea sediments in China were all below 0， suggesting an unpolluted status for sediments in Riyue Bay with respect to these heavy metals. Results of correlation analysis showed that Cu， Pb， Zn， and Cr shared the same pollution source， mainly related to mariculture and domestic sewage. Besides， the average concentrations of Cd， Hg， As， and Cr showed little difference before and after construction， while the high concentrations of Cu， Zn， and Pb during the construction period also indicated that Cu， Zn， and Pb are greatly affected by construction activities. As showed the smallest coefficient of variation， a homogeneous spatial distribution， and no significant correlation with other heavy metals， suggesting that As is mainly influenced by crustal elements. Compared with the period before the demolition of Yue Island， most heavy metal concentrations and the potential ecological risk factors（Eir） of individual metals decreased after the demolition， and their spatial variability also declined， indicating that the removal of Yue Island reduced the influence of human activities on heavy metal accumulation in the surface sediments.
From January 2021 to September 2022， the concentration of heavy metals（Cu， Zn， Pb， As， Cr， Cd， and Hg） in sediments of Riyue Bay was analyzed using atomic absorption spectrophotometry. The results show that the mean concentrations of the selected heavy metals were relatively low in surface sediments from the Riyue Bay， which met the class 1 criteria of China's Marine Sediment Quality standard（GB 18668—2002）. Geo-accumulation indices calculated using the average value of shallow sea sediments in China were all below 0， suggesting an unpolluted status for sediments in Riyue Bay with respect to these heavy metals. Results of correlation analysis showed that Cu， Pb， Zn， and Cr shared the same pollution source， mainly related to mariculture and domestic sewage. Besides， the average concentrations of Cd， Hg， As， and Cr showed little difference before and after construction， while the high concentrations of Cu， Zn， and Pb during the construction period also indicated that Cu， Zn， and Pb are greatly affected by construction activities. As showed the smallest coefficient of variation， a homogeneous spatial distribution， and no significant correlation with other heavy metals， suggesting that As is mainly influenced by crustal elements. Compared with the period before the demolition of Yue Island， most heavy metal concentrations and the potential ecological risk factors（Eir） of individual metals decreased after the demolition， and their spatial variability also declined， indicating that the removal of Yue Island reduced the influence of human activities on heavy metal accumulation in the surface sediments.
2026,18(1):81-88, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.013
Abstract:
This study aims to understand the eutrophication level and change characteristics of Jiaozhou Bay and to evaluate the impact of environmental management on water quality. Using the eutrophication index method and organic pollution index method， we analyzed the monitoring data of Jiaozhou Bay from 2010 to 2023 to estimate the level of eutrophication in water bodies， its changing trends， and its relationship with environmental factors， and propose countermeasures and recommendations based on the findings. The results showed that 80% of the monitoring sites met Class I or Class II seawater quality standards in Jiaozhou Bay in 2023. The eutrophication index of Jiaozhou Bay ranged from 0.04 to 21.31 in 2023， and the proportion of non eutrophication sites was 82.5%， indicating that the eutrophication level of Jiaozhou Bay was low. The eutrophication level was relatively high in summer and autumn. From the perspective of organic pollution， the water quality in March and April was the best， the water quality in July and August was relatively poor， and the proportion of polluted sites was 22.5%. From 2010 to 2023， the annual compliance rate of monitoring sites for inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate showed a fluctuating， increasing trend， the change of eutrophication index showed a decreasing trend， and the proportion of non-eutrophication sites showed an increasing trend. The main influencing factors of seawater eutrophication were inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate. The eutrophication index was positively correlated with inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate， and negatively correlated with salinity and pH. From 2010 to 2023， the water quality of Jiaozhou Bay improved significantly， and environmental management measures played an important role in it.
This study aims to understand the eutrophication level and change characteristics of Jiaozhou Bay and to evaluate the impact of environmental management on water quality. Using the eutrophication index method and organic pollution index method， we analyzed the monitoring data of Jiaozhou Bay from 2010 to 2023 to estimate the level of eutrophication in water bodies， its changing trends， and its relationship with environmental factors， and propose countermeasures and recommendations based on the findings. The results showed that 80% of the monitoring sites met Class I or Class II seawater quality standards in Jiaozhou Bay in 2023. The eutrophication index of Jiaozhou Bay ranged from 0.04 to 21.31 in 2023， and the proportion of non eutrophication sites was 82.5%， indicating that the eutrophication level of Jiaozhou Bay was low. The eutrophication level was relatively high in summer and autumn. From the perspective of organic pollution， the water quality in March and April was the best， the water quality in July and August was relatively poor， and the proportion of polluted sites was 22.5%. From 2010 to 2023， the annual compliance rate of monitoring sites for inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate showed a fluctuating， increasing trend， the change of eutrophication index showed a decreasing trend， and the proportion of non-eutrophication sites showed an increasing trend. The main influencing factors of seawater eutrophication were inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate. The eutrophication index was positively correlated with inorganic nitrogen and reactive phosphate， and negatively correlated with salinity and pH. From 2010 to 2023， the water quality of Jiaozhou Bay improved significantly， and environmental management measures played an important role in it.
2026,18(1):89-95, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.014
Abstract:
Atmospheric ammonia（NH3）， a key reactive alkaline species， contributes significantly to haze formation by reacting with acidic precursors（e.g.，SO2 and NOX） to form secondary inorganic aerosols（SNA）. This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of NH3 in Changzhou City from 2018 to 2022 using high-resolution continuous monitoring data， meteorological records， and the Potential Source Contribution Function（PSCF） model. The annual mean NH3 concentration was 9.7 μg/m3， with distinct seasonal variation： summer（13.0 μg/m3） > spring（9.9 μg/m3） > autumn（9.3 μg/m3） > winter（6.8 μg/m3）. Diurnal variation exhibited a unimodal pattern， peaking at 11：00（11.1 μg/m3） and reaching the minimum at 20：00（8.7 μg/m3）. PSCF analysis indicated that southwestern and southeastern air masses dominated NH3 transport during spring， autumn， and winter， while local emissions prevailed in summer. These findings elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics and sources of NH3 in Changzhou， providing a scientific basis for particulate matter mitigation， air quality improvement， and ammonia emission control strategies.
Atmospheric ammonia（NH3）， a key reactive alkaline species， contributes significantly to haze formation by reacting with acidic precursors（e.g.，SO2 and NOX） to form secondary inorganic aerosols（SNA）. This study investigated the spatiotemporal characteristics of NH3 in Changzhou City from 2018 to 2022 using high-resolution continuous monitoring data， meteorological records， and the Potential Source Contribution Function（PSCF） model. The annual mean NH3 concentration was 9.7 μg/m3， with distinct seasonal variation： summer（13.0 μg/m3） > spring（9.9 μg/m3） > autumn（9.3 μg/m3） > winter（6.8 μg/m3）. Diurnal variation exhibited a unimodal pattern， peaking at 11：00（11.1 μg/m3） and reaching the minimum at 20：00（8.7 μg/m3）. PSCF analysis indicated that southwestern and southeastern air masses dominated NH3 transport during spring， autumn， and winter， while local emissions prevailed in summer. These findings elucidate the spatiotemporal dynamics and sources of NH3 in Changzhou， providing a scientific basis for particulate matter mitigation， air quality improvement， and ammonia emission control strategies.
2026,18(1):96-103, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.015
Abstract:
To understand the chemical characteristics and trends of atmospheric precipitation in Guangxi from 2019 to 2023， this study statistically analyzed the temporal and spatial trends of its pH value， acid rain frequency， electrical conductivity， and ionic composition. The results show that the atmospheric precipitation in Guangxi from 2019 to 2023 was predominantly weakly acidic. Temporally， acid rain pollution exhibited inter annual and seasonal variations， with the peak acid rain frequency occurring in 2020（45.1%）. On a quarterly basis， pollution intensity was higher in winter and spring and lower in summer and autumn. Spatially， the core acid rain-affected areas in Guangxi were mainly Guilin and Fangchenggang. The acid rain was predominantly of a mixed sulfuric-nitric acid type. In areas with heavy traffic pollution， such as Nanning and Beihai， nitric acid-dominant pollution was prevalent， while sulfuric acid dominant pollution was more prominent in the coal-fired industrial zones of Liuzhou and Laibin.
To understand the chemical characteristics and trends of atmospheric precipitation in Guangxi from 2019 to 2023， this study statistically analyzed the temporal and spatial trends of its pH value， acid rain frequency， electrical conductivity， and ionic composition. The results show that the atmospheric precipitation in Guangxi from 2019 to 2023 was predominantly weakly acidic. Temporally， acid rain pollution exhibited inter annual and seasonal variations， with the peak acid rain frequency occurring in 2020（45.1%）. On a quarterly basis， pollution intensity was higher in winter and spring and lower in summer and autumn. Spatially， the core acid rain-affected areas in Guangxi were mainly Guilin and Fangchenggang. The acid rain was predominantly of a mixed sulfuric-nitric acid type. In areas with heavy traffic pollution， such as Nanning and Beihai， nitric acid-dominant pollution was prevalent， while sulfuric acid dominant pollution was more prominent in the coal-fired industrial zones of Liuzhou and Laibin.
2026,18(1):104-109, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.016
Abstract:
To identify priority odor substances in emissions from tire manufacturing enterprises， an evaluation system was developed based on the sensory characteristics and environmental health risk characteristics of pollutants， incorporating indicators of exposure potential， mobility， and harmfulness， respectively. The analytic hierarchy process（AHP） was applied to determine the comprehensive weights of evaluation indicators， and the framework was validated using data from three tire manufacturing enterprises. The results indicated that among the three criterion-layer indicators in the priority evaluation system， exposure had the highest impact， followed by harmfulness and mobility. Concurrently， the comprehensive weights of the 9 element-layer indicators ranged from 0.025 to 0.291. Among them， odor threshold has the highest weight， while the weight of saturated vapor pressure is the lowest. Furthermore， 8 kinds of odor substances from the exhaust of the three enterprises were screened out. The odor substances with the highest detected concentrations in each category were as follows in order： dichloromethane（0.34 mg/m3）， benzene（5.14 mg/m3）， carbon disulfide（1.03 mg/m3）， n-heptane（10.42 mg/m3）， isoprene（0.22 mg/m3）， isobutanol（1.06 mg/m3）， ethyl acetate（0.13 mg/m3） and acetaldehyde（5.02 mg/m3）. Then， the top ten priority odor substances determined by the analytic hierarchy process were acetaldehyde， benzene， carbon disulfide， para-xylene， styrene， hexane， methylene chloride， ethylbenzene， methylcyclohexane， and methyl isobutyl ketone， which all belong to the second priority level， requiring tire manufacturing enterprises to strengthen protection.
To identify priority odor substances in emissions from tire manufacturing enterprises， an evaluation system was developed based on the sensory characteristics and environmental health risk characteristics of pollutants， incorporating indicators of exposure potential， mobility， and harmfulness， respectively. The analytic hierarchy process（AHP） was applied to determine the comprehensive weights of evaluation indicators， and the framework was validated using data from three tire manufacturing enterprises. The results indicated that among the three criterion-layer indicators in the priority evaluation system， exposure had the highest impact， followed by harmfulness and mobility. Concurrently， the comprehensive weights of the 9 element-layer indicators ranged from 0.025 to 0.291. Among them， odor threshold has the highest weight， while the weight of saturated vapor pressure is the lowest. Furthermore， 8 kinds of odor substances from the exhaust of the three enterprises were screened out. The odor substances with the highest detected concentrations in each category were as follows in order： dichloromethane（0.34 mg/m3）， benzene（5.14 mg/m3）， carbon disulfide（1.03 mg/m3）， n-heptane（10.42 mg/m3）， isoprene（0.22 mg/m3）， isobutanol（1.06 mg/m3）， ethyl acetate（0.13 mg/m3） and acetaldehyde（5.02 mg/m3）. Then， the top ten priority odor substances determined by the analytic hierarchy process were acetaldehyde， benzene， carbon disulfide， para-xylene， styrene， hexane， methylene chloride， ethylbenzene， methylcyclohexane， and methyl isobutyl ketone， which all belong to the second priority level， requiring tire manufacturing enterprises to strengthen protection.
2026,18(1):110-116, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2026.01.017
Abstract:
Based on Ningbo City's O3 monitoring data from 2021 to 2023， the characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric O3 pollution in Ningbo City were analyzed. The results showed that the ρ（O3-8h 90 per） in 2022 and 2023 was obviously higher than that in 2021， and the number of polluted days in 2022 and 2023 obviously increased. The concentration peak was increasing year by year. The date of O3 pollution for the first time in a year was advancing year by year. The monthly variation of ρ（O3-8h 90 per） in 2021 continued the bimodal characteristics of 2016—2020， with peaks in May and September， while 2022 and 2023 exhibited a multimodal characteristic. The daily variation of ρ （O3） from 2021 to 2023 showed unimodal characteristics. The background value of ρ （O3） showed an overall upward trend. The ρ（O3-8h） was positively correlated with diurnal temperature range. The higher the temperature， the more sensitive O3 was to the variation of the diurnal temperature range. The O3 in 2022—2023 was more significantly affected by the transmission of polluted air masses. The pollution case from July 9 to 10， 2022， was caused by local accumulation， the horizontal input from sea flow， and the vertical input from high altitude. The ozone formation potential（OFP） contribution analysis showed that alkenes（35.2%）， aromatic hydrocarbons（30.3%）， and alkanes（20.2%） contributed the largest proportions. Among individual species， toluene， m/p-xylene， and isoprene were the top three contributors.
Based on Ningbo City's O3 monitoring data from 2021 to 2023， the characteristics and influencing factors of atmospheric O3 pollution in Ningbo City were analyzed. The results showed that the ρ（O3-8h 90 per） in 2022 and 2023 was obviously higher than that in 2021， and the number of polluted days in 2022 and 2023 obviously increased. The concentration peak was increasing year by year. The date of O3 pollution for the first time in a year was advancing year by year. The monthly variation of ρ（O3-8h 90 per） in 2021 continued the bimodal characteristics of 2016—2020， with peaks in May and September， while 2022 and 2023 exhibited a multimodal characteristic. The daily variation of ρ （O3） from 2021 to 2023 showed unimodal characteristics. The background value of ρ （O3） showed an overall upward trend. The ρ（O3-8h） was positively correlated with diurnal temperature range. The higher the temperature， the more sensitive O3 was to the variation of the diurnal temperature range. The O3 in 2022—2023 was more significantly affected by the transmission of polluted air masses. The pollution case from July 9 to 10， 2022， was caused by local accumulation， the horizontal input from sea flow， and the vertical input from high altitude. The ozone formation potential（OFP） contribution analysis showed that alkenes（35.2%）， aromatic hydrocarbons（30.3%）， and alkanes（20.2%） contributed the largest proportions. Among individual species， toluene， m/p-xylene， and isoprene were the top three contributors.
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- 新污染物与环境健康研究专刊（2025年第5期）
- 生物多样性保护及监测专刊（2024年第5期）
- 大气污染预警溯源与碳监测技术研究专刊（2023年第5期）
- 有机污染物监测溯源及风险评估专刊（2022年第5期）
- 环境与健康研究专刊（2021年第5期）
- 新型污染物环境监测技术及风险预警专刊（2020年第5期）
- 生态环境遥感监测专刊（2019年第5期）
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Abstract:
Based on the monitoring data of rural surface water environmental quality in China from 2015 to 2021, the characteristics of rural surface water environmental quality has been analyzed. Relevant parameters of agricultural and rural social and economic activities were selected, and the correlation analysis was carried out with the proportion of major factors exceeding the standard in rural surface water. Taking 2020 as the base year, a cluster analysis was carried out on 9 indicators in 31 administrative regions across the country, covering three aspects: rural surface water quality, agricultural and rural activity level and pollution pressure, and environmental capacity. The results showed that the change trend, seasonal characteristics and main over standard factors of rural surface water in China showed obvious agricultural non point source pollution characteristics. The parameters such as rural population, agricultural input use and economic crop planting proportion have strong correlation with the main indicators exceeding the standard (R>0.9); Cluster analysis divides 31 administrative regions into 7 different types of agricultural non point source pollution. According to the characteristics of agricultural non point source pollution in different regions, some points are recommen ded such as promotion of standardized scale breeding, resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, chemical fertilizer reduction action, promotion of efficient low risk pesticides and other agricultural non point source pollution control measures according to local conditions, further increase of the construction of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, improvement of the rural environmental quality monitoring network, and strengthening the monitoring and evaluation of agricultural non point source pollution.
Based on the monitoring data of rural surface water environmental quality in China from 2015 to 2021, the characteristics of rural surface water environmental quality has been analyzed. Relevant parameters of agricultural and rural social and economic activities were selected, and the correlation analysis was carried out with the proportion of major factors exceeding the standard in rural surface water. Taking 2020 as the base year, a cluster analysis was carried out on 9 indicators in 31 administrative regions across the country, covering three aspects: rural surface water quality, agricultural and rural activity level and pollution pressure, and environmental capacity. The results showed that the change trend, seasonal characteristics and main over standard factors of rural surface water in China showed obvious agricultural non point source pollution characteristics. The parameters such as rural population, agricultural input use and economic crop planting proportion have strong correlation with the main indicators exceeding the standard (R>0.9); Cluster analysis divides 31 administrative regions into 7 different types of agricultural non point source pollution. According to the characteristics of agricultural non point source pollution in different regions, some points are recommen ded such as promotion of standardized scale breeding, resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, chemical fertilizer reduction action, promotion of efficient low risk pesticides and other agricultural non point source pollution control measures according to local conditions, further increase of the construction of rural domestic sewage treatment facilities, improvement of the rural environmental quality monitoring network, and strengthening the monitoring and evaluation of agricultural non point source pollution.
Abstract:
Dahuofang Reservoir is one of the nine key water sources for urban water supply in China. As an important drinking water source in Liaoning Province, the water quality in the reservoir directly affects the drinking water safety and health of people in the region. The characteristics and the sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed. The potential health risks of PFAS were evaluated by the health risk quotient. The results showed that the total concentration of PFAS in surface water ranged from 1.81～8.19 ng/L and showed a decreasing trend over time, among which PFOA and PFPA were the main contaminants. Only three contaminants (PFOA, PFUnA and PFDoDA) were detected in the sediment, with ΣPFAS concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 0.48 ng/g. The concentrations of PFAS in the muscles of different fishes followed an order of Wuchang fish (2.49 ng/g)>carp (2.30 ng/g)>silver carp (2.02 ng/g)>bighead (2.01 ng/g), and the main pollutant was PFPA. It was inferred that PFAS in the water environment of Dahuofang reservoir area mainly came from industrial and domestic pollution sources such as mining, electroplating and painting based on the principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The health risk assessment results showed that there was no risk for the PFAS in surface water and fish samples.
Dahuofang Reservoir is one of the nine key water sources for urban water supply in China. As an important drinking water source in Liaoning Province, the water quality in the reservoir directly affects the drinking water safety and health of people in the region. The characteristics and the sources of polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in surface water, sediment and fish samples were analyzed. The potential health risks of PFAS were evaluated by the health risk quotient. The results showed that the total concentration of PFAS in surface water ranged from 1.81～8.19 ng/L and showed a decreasing trend over time, among which PFOA and PFPA were the main contaminants. Only three contaminants (PFOA, PFUnA and PFDoDA) were detected in the sediment, with ΣPFAS concentrations ranged from 0.16 to 0.48 ng/g. The concentrations of PFAS in the muscles of different fishes followed an order of Wuchang fish (2.49 ng/g)>carp (2.30 ng/g)>silver carp (2.02 ng/g)>bighead (2.01 ng/g), and the main pollutant was PFPA. It was inferred that PFAS in the water environment of Dahuofang reservoir area mainly came from industrial and domestic pollution sources such as mining, electroplating and painting based on the principal component analysis and correlation analysis. The health risk assessment results showed that there was no risk for the PFAS in surface water and fish samples.
Abstract:
The spatial distribution and pollution characteristics of Perfluoroalkyl and Poly fluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in the surface water environment at home and abroad are reviewed, and the sources and characteristics of PFASs are summarized. Aiming at the problems existing in the monitoring types, monitoring technologies and risk assessment of PFASs in surface water, suggestions are put forward on strengthening regular monitoring with strong focus on emerging PFASs, establishing new technologies with high specificity and high sensitivity, and screening suitable aquatic lives as environmental pollution indicators for assessment of emerging pollutants. It provides a feasible scientific reference for the investigation and remediation of the current situation of PFASs pollution in our country's surface water environment in the future.
The spatial distribution and pollution characteristics of Perfluoroalkyl and Poly fluoroalkylated substances (PFASs) in the surface water environment at home and abroad are reviewed, and the sources and characteristics of PFASs are summarized. Aiming at the problems existing in the monitoring types, monitoring technologies and risk assessment of PFASs in surface water, suggestions are put forward on strengthening regular monitoring with strong focus on emerging PFASs, establishing new technologies with high specificity and high sensitivity, and screening suitable aquatic lives as environmental pollution indicators for assessment of emerging pollutants. It provides a feasible scientific reference for the investigation and remediation of the current situation of PFASs pollution in our country's surface water environment in the future.
Abstract:
Based on the current status of Chinas surface water quality automatic monitoring, the current paper preliminarily discussed the early warning method system of surface water quality automatic monitoring. The overall technical route of early warning on automatic water quality monitoring has been put forward, and a variety of early warning model group framework has been built based on sudden change type early warning and gradual change type early warning, which can realize the single factor, multi factor combination, trend, status and other different cases of abnormal data early warning, so as to ensure the reliability and accuracy. Finally, the implementation of early warning method of water quality automatic monitoring was introduced through the examples such as integration of the water quality automatic monitoring data, determination and cleaning of abnormal data, establishment and operation of early warning model, process of early warning information and other aspects.
Based on the current status of Chinas surface water quality automatic monitoring, the current paper preliminarily discussed the early warning method system of surface water quality automatic monitoring. The overall technical route of early warning on automatic water quality monitoring has been put forward, and a variety of early warning model group framework has been built based on sudden change type early warning and gradual change type early warning, which can realize the single factor, multi factor combination, trend, status and other different cases of abnormal data early warning, so as to ensure the reliability and accuracy. Finally, the implementation of early warning method of water quality automatic monitoring was introduced through the examples such as integration of the water quality automatic monitoring data, determination and cleaning of abnormal data, establishment and operation of early warning model, process of early warning information and other aspects.
Abstract:
Fish is considered to be the important component of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. To explore the characteristics of fish communities in Jiangsu Province, a survey of fish communities in 148 surface water environmental monitoring sections was conducted during April to May 2020 using environmental DNA metabarcoding technology. A total of 418 fish OTU were detected in the environmental DNA samples, and 46 species were annotated into 10 orders, 14 families and 32 genera, and 27 species of which are Cypriniformes, accounting for 81.2% of the sequences. The results showed that the fish diversity of the Huai River basin is relatively better, followed by the Yangtze River basin and the Taihu Lake basin. The result has provided basic information on the structural characteristics of fish communities in surface water monitoring sections in Jiangsu Province, and gave a reference to the application and promotion of environmental DNA technology in the field of environmental monitoring.
Fish is considered to be the important component of biodiversity of aquatic ecosystems. To explore the characteristics of fish communities in Jiangsu Province, a survey of fish communities in 148 surface water environmental monitoring sections was conducted during April to May 2020 using environmental DNA metabarcoding technology. A total of 418 fish OTU were detected in the environmental DNA samples, and 46 species were annotated into 10 orders, 14 families and 32 genera, and 27 species of which are Cypriniformes, accounting for 81.2% of the sequences. The results showed that the fish diversity of the Huai River basin is relatively better, followed by the Yangtze River basin and the Taihu Lake basin. The result has provided basic information on the structural characteristics of fish communities in surface water monitoring sections in Jiangsu Province, and gave a reference to the application and promotion of environmental DNA technology in the field of environmental monitoring.
Abstract:
Using Hysplit and MeteoInfo models, the backward trajectory of Zhuzhou during special care period from 2017 to 2019 (October to march of the next year) was calculated, and trajectory cluster analysis was carried out, potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis and concentration weight trajectory (CWT) analysis were done as well. The results showed that from October to December, the potential source area of pollutants mainly distributed in the north direction, and from January to March, the source area in the south direction continued to expand, which is related to seasonal change and monsoon transformation. In December and January, the potential source area and the intensity reached the maximum, and the transmission channel came to be the clearest. The analysis of WPSCF and WCWT in each month of special care period showed that there was an obvious WPSC high value zone originated from the central and northern part of Henan Province. It went all the way south, passed by Pingdingshan, Nanyang, and Xiangyang and then went into Hubei Province. It went forward serpentinely, after it passssed by Jingzhou, it crossed the Yangtze River and entered Hunan through Yueyang Huarong, and then passed by Changde and Yiyang to reach Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group by an arc path. This path was the main transmission channel for pollutants from the north to affect Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group in December. WCWT analysis indicated similar results, and the channel path was wider. The potential source area in January was fan shaped in the north direction and finger shaped in Henan, Anhui and other provinces. Through the inspection of heavy pollution cases on December 5, 2017, it was found that the transmission trajectory was consistent with the analyzed transmission channel.
Using Hysplit and MeteoInfo models, the backward trajectory of Zhuzhou during special care period from 2017 to 2019 (October to march of the next year) was calculated, and trajectory cluster analysis was carried out, potential source contribution factor (PSCF) analysis and concentration weight trajectory (CWT) analysis were done as well. The results showed that from October to December, the potential source area of pollutants mainly distributed in the north direction, and from January to March, the source area in the south direction continued to expand, which is related to seasonal change and monsoon transformation. In December and January, the potential source area and the intensity reached the maximum, and the transmission channel came to be the clearest. The analysis of WPSCF and WCWT in each month of special care period showed that there was an obvious WPSC high value zone originated from the central and northern part of Henan Province. It went all the way south, passed by Pingdingshan, Nanyang, and Xiangyang and then went into Hubei Province. It went forward serpentinely, after it passssed by Jingzhou, it crossed the Yangtze River and entered Hunan through Yueyang Huarong, and then passed by Changde and Yiyang to reach Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group by an arc path. This path was the main transmission channel for pollutants from the north to affect Changsha Zhuzhou Xiangtan City Group in December. WCWT analysis indicated similar results, and the channel path was wider. The potential source area in January was fan shaped in the north direction and finger shaped in Henan, Anhui and other provinces. Through the inspection of heavy pollution cases on December 5, 2017, it was found that the transmission trajectory was consistent with the analyzed transmission channel.
Abstract:
The monitoring of greenhouse gas (GHG) is the important supports for achieving China’s target of peak carbon emission and zero carbon. This paper summarized the GHG monitoring standards form World Meteorological Organization, China Meteorological Administration and Ministry of Ecological Environment, reviewed the major GHG measurement technologies including the non dispersive infrared method, gas chromatography, optical cavity ring down spectroscopy, off axis cavity integral system. The principles, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were analyzed, the suitable application scenarios of different methods were proposed, the importance of sampling and calibration system was highlighted, the development of GHG measurement technology was forecasted. It is expected to provide reference and support for China’s greenhouse gas monitoring network.
The monitoring of greenhouse gas (GHG) is the important supports for achieving China’s target of peak carbon emission and zero carbon. This paper summarized the GHG monitoring standards form World Meteorological Organization, China Meteorological Administration and Ministry of Ecological Environment, reviewed the major GHG measurement technologies including the non dispersive infrared method, gas chromatography, optical cavity ring down spectroscopy, off axis cavity integral system. The principles, the advantages and disadvantages of the methods were analyzed, the suitable application scenarios of different methods were proposed, the importance of sampling and calibration system was highlighted, the development of GHG measurement technology was forecasted. It is expected to provide reference and support for China’s greenhouse gas monitoring network.
Abstract:
Air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has become an important factor affecting human health, and its health effects and inflammatory mechanisms have been widely concerned by people. This article briefly describes the pollution status at home and abroad. The harm to human health was systematically expounded in terms of the chemical components of PM2.5. In addition, the toxic mechanism of PM2.5 causing body inflammation was summarized and discussed from two aspects of signal pathway and autophagy, so as to provide the corresponding scientific reference basis for the follow up research and control of the harm of atmospheric particulate matter to body health.
Air fine particulate matter (PM2.5) pollution has become an important factor affecting human health, and its health effects and inflammatory mechanisms have been widely concerned by people. This article briefly describes the pollution status at home and abroad. The harm to human health was systematically expounded in terms of the chemical components of PM2.5. In addition, the toxic mechanism of PM2.5 causing body inflammation was summarized and discussed from two aspects of signal pathway and autophagy, so as to provide the corresponding scientific reference basis for the follow up research and control of the harm of atmospheric particulate matter to body health.
Abstract:
This study investigated the variation trend of air quality in Beijing and its causes by using the data of air pollutants and meteorological conditions from 2013 to 2018. The results showed that the air quality of Beijing improved obviously in the past six years, there were 227 days reached primary and secondary standards in 2018 compared with 176 days in 2013. Heavy polluted days decreased year by year, from 58 days in 2013 to 14 days in 2018. Due to the influence of pollution source emissions, climate phenomenon and meteorological conditions, the average PM2.5 concentration in Beijing has shown a trend of decrease with fluctuation in the past six years, which is more significantly in autumn and winter. The PM2.5 pollution was significant in the fall and winter of 2014—2016, the average concentration of PM2.5 reached the level of middle pollution in October 2014, November—December 2015 and December 2016. However, the average monthly concentration of PM2.5 did not reached the polluted level in autumn and winter of 2017—2018. In addition, the results of correlation analysis showed that the surface relative humidity and intermediate temperature have a strong positive correlation with air pollutants, while the north wind frequency and surface wind speed have a negative correlation. Based on the meteorological conditions and gaseous pollutants such as CO, SO2 and NO2, the PM2.5 concentration was well reproduced by the multiple fitting model. Correlation coefficients between the calculated values and observed values were ranging from 0.900 to 0.947, which further confirmed that meteorological conditions and pollution source emission have a significant influence on PM2.5 pollution.
This study investigated the variation trend of air quality in Beijing and its causes by using the data of air pollutants and meteorological conditions from 2013 to 2018. The results showed that the air quality of Beijing improved obviously in the past six years, there were 227 days reached primary and secondary standards in 2018 compared with 176 days in 2013. Heavy polluted days decreased year by year, from 58 days in 2013 to 14 days in 2018. Due to the influence of pollution source emissions, climate phenomenon and meteorological conditions, the average PM2.5 concentration in Beijing has shown a trend of decrease with fluctuation in the past six years, which is more significantly in autumn and winter. The PM2.5 pollution was significant in the fall and winter of 2014—2016, the average concentration of PM2.5 reached the level of middle pollution in October 2014, November—December 2015 and December 2016. However, the average monthly concentration of PM2.5 did not reached the polluted level in autumn and winter of 2017—2018. In addition, the results of correlation analysis showed that the surface relative humidity and intermediate temperature have a strong positive correlation with air pollutants, while the north wind frequency and surface wind speed have a negative correlation. Based on the meteorological conditions and gaseous pollutants such as CO, SO2 and NO2, the PM2.5 concentration was well reproduced by the multiple fitting model. Correlation coefficients between the calculated values and observed values were ranging from 0.900 to 0.947, which further confirmed that meteorological conditions and pollution source emission have a significant influence on PM2.5 pollution.
Abstract:
Sediment samples from 63 monitoring points in Yangcheng Lake were collected in February 2020, and the mass ratios of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) in sediments were determined. Their spatial distribution characteristics in 6 areas of Yangcheng Lake (southeast, northeast, south-central, north-central, southwest and northwest) were analyzed, and pollution assessment was carried out based on comprehensive pollution index (FF) and organic pollution index (OI). The results show that the mean values of ω(TN),ω(TP) and ω(OM) in sediments are 1 102, 822 mg/kg and 32.8 g/kg, respectively. Among them, there are high differences in the spatial distribution of ω(TN) and ω(OM). The overall spatial distribution of ω(TP) shows a gradually decreasing trend from west lake to middle lake and east lake, while ω(TN) and ω(OM) are opposite to ω(TP); The evaluation results of TN pollution index, TP pollution index, FF and OI of the whole lake are Grade 2 (mild pollution), Grade 4 (severe pollution), Grade 3 (moderate pollution) and Grade III (still clean), respectively.
Sediment samples from 63 monitoring points in Yangcheng Lake were collected in February 2020, and the mass ratios of total phosphorus (TP), total nitrogen (TN) and organic matter (OM) in sediments were determined. Their spatial distribution characteristics in 6 areas of Yangcheng Lake (southeast, northeast, south-central, north-central, southwest and northwest) were analyzed, and pollution assessment was carried out based on comprehensive pollution index (FF) and organic pollution index (OI). The results show that the mean values of ω(TN),ω(TP) and ω(OM) in sediments are 1 102, 822 mg/kg and 32.8 g/kg, respectively. Among them, there are high differences in the spatial distribution of ω(TN) and ω(OM). The overall spatial distribution of ω(TP) shows a gradually decreasing trend from west lake to middle lake and east lake, while ω(TN) and ω(OM) are opposite to ω(TP); The evaluation results of TN pollution index, TP pollution index, FF and OI of the whole lake are Grade 2 (mild pollution), Grade 4 (severe pollution), Grade 3 (moderate pollution) and Grade III (still clean), respectively.
Abstract:
A method was established to simultaneously determine 116 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air by GC-MS equipped with cold oven technique followed by canister sampling and cryogenic pre concentration. Ambient air was collected by a SUMMA canister and pre concentrated by liquid nitrogen. Total 116 VOCs was separated on one capillary column with only one injection and then analyzed by MS detector. By optimizing parameters of pre concentration and temperature programming, low carbon compounds were successfully remained on the capillary column with initial temperature starting at -35℃. Therefore, both low carbon and high carbon compounds could be simultaneously separated on one capillary column. This instrument was simple without too many accessories such as deans switch and auxiliary detectors. The quantitative method exhibited a good linearity. Both the precision and accuracy could meet the quality control requirements. The detection limits were in the range of 0.03×10-9to 0.10×10-9, and this method was applicable for the determination of VOCs in ambient air.
A method was established to simultaneously determine 116 volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in ambient air by GC-MS equipped with cold oven technique followed by canister sampling and cryogenic pre concentration. Ambient air was collected by a SUMMA canister and pre concentrated by liquid nitrogen. Total 116 VOCs was separated on one capillary column with only one injection and then analyzed by MS detector. By optimizing parameters of pre concentration and temperature programming, low carbon compounds were successfully remained on the capillary column with initial temperature starting at -35℃. Therefore, both low carbon and high carbon compounds could be simultaneously separated on one capillary column. This instrument was simple without too many accessories such as deans switch and auxiliary detectors. The quantitative method exhibited a good linearity. Both the precision and accuracy could meet the quality control requirements. The detection limits were in the range of 0.03×10-9to 0.10×10-9, and this method was applicable for the determination of VOCs in ambient air.
Abstract:
A method for analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was established using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS).good linear relationship in the range from 10 to 500 ng/L. The detection limits were 2.3 to 8.3 ng/L and the precision was 2.1% to 7.1%. The recoveries 10 PFCs in wastewater ranged from 60.6% to 91.7%. The results showed that PFOA, PFHxS and PFBS were main pollutants in influents ranging from 909 to 206 ng/L. PFOA and PFHxS had been mainly detected in effluents ranging from 67.4 to 158 ng/L. The daily es of PFCs at six WWTPS were 6.7 to 22.9 g/d. The method was suitable for the detection of PFCs residues in wastewater from WWTPs.
A method for analysis of 10 perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) from wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) was established using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC MS/MS).good linear relationship in the range from 10 to 500 ng/L. The detection limits were 2.3 to 8.3 ng/L and the precision was 2.1% to 7.1%. The recoveries 10 PFCs in wastewater ranged from 60.6% to 91.7%. The results showed that PFOA, PFHxS and PFBS were main pollutants in influents ranging from 909 to 206 ng/L. PFOA and PFHxS had been mainly detected in effluents ranging from 67.4 to 158 ng/L. The daily es of PFCs at six WWTPS were 6.7 to 22.9 g/d. The method was suitable for the detection of PFCs residues in wastewater from WWTPs.
Abstract:
This study briefly reviews the research advance on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Disinfection by poroducts(DBPs) in drinking water. This article summarizes the genotoxicity of DBPs from the results of the Ames test, SOS/umu test, comet test, micronucleus test, and some novel mutagenic tests; the carcinogenicity of DBPs is analyzed from three aspects: toxicology test, epidemiological research, and carcinogenic risk assessment. The review provides references for future research on the toxic effects and mechanisms of DBPs in drinking water, and promotes the development of drinking water quality management and legislation.
This study briefly reviews the research advance on the genotoxicity and carcinogenicity of Disinfection by poroducts(DBPs) in drinking water. This article summarizes the genotoxicity of DBPs from the results of the Ames test, SOS/umu test, comet test, micronucleus test, and some novel mutagenic tests; the carcinogenicity of DBPs is analyzed from three aspects: toxicology test, epidemiological research, and carcinogenic risk assessment. The review provides references for future research on the toxic effects and mechanisms of DBPs in drinking water, and promotes the development of drinking water quality management and legislation.
Abstract:
This study summarizes the main pathogenic bacteria and corresponding diseases in water environment, and the latest development of the molecular biological techniques of aquatic pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR, isothermal amplification technique, biosensors, and high throughput sequencing. The advantages, disadvantages, and application characteristics of these different detection techniques are also analyzed. Furthermore, this study suggests the future development direction of molecular biological technologies for detecting pathogenic bacteria in water environment and tries to provide new research ideas and technological supports for detection and control of aquatic pathogens.
This study summarizes the main pathogenic bacteria and corresponding diseases in water environment, and the latest development of the molecular biological techniques of aquatic pathogens including polymerase chain reaction (PCR), quantitative real time PCR, isothermal amplification technique, biosensors, and high throughput sequencing. The advantages, disadvantages, and application characteristics of these different detection techniques are also analyzed. Furthermore, this study suggests the future development direction of molecular biological technologies for detecting pathogenic bacteria in water environment and tries to provide new research ideas and technological supports for detection and control of aquatic pathogens.
Abstract:
In order to study the applicability of biological acute toxicity monitoring method to the monitoring of effluent from typical chemical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 4 levels of subject creatures, including photobacterium, algae,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio were selected to test the acute toxicity of the effluent from 2 typical chemical WWTPs (Chang A and Chang B). Acute toxicity of luminescent bacteria and chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity of plant algae were detected in both two WWTPs. The acute toxicity of influent was usually greater than effluent, but the effluent showed highly toxicity when a large number of oxidizing disinfectants were added. The maximum value of chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity appeared in the influent of Chang B. The acute toxicity of Daphnia magna and Danio rerio was only detected in the water samples from Chang B. Though the water samples downstream the receiving river showed no acute toxicity, the development malformation of Danio rerio were observed. Among the four methods of acute toxicity detection, luminescent bacteria are the most widely used, and the methods of acute toxicity of plant algal chlorophyll fluorescence,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio are alternative according to the purpose of monitoring and the characteristics of industrial parks. The experimental results can provide a choice for normalizing the monitoring of biological toxicity in the process of effluent discharge in industrial WWTPs and provide a basis for the management department to formulate the discharge standards.
In order to study the applicability of biological acute toxicity monitoring method to the monitoring of effluent from typical chemical wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs), 4 levels of subject creatures, including photobacterium, algae,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio were selected to test the acute toxicity of the effluent from 2 typical chemical WWTPs (Chang A and Chang B). Acute toxicity of luminescent bacteria and chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity of plant algae were detected in both two WWTPs. The acute toxicity of influent was usually greater than effluent, but the effluent showed highly toxicity when a large number of oxidizing disinfectants were added. The maximum value of chlorophyll-fluorescence toxicity appeared in the influent of Chang B. The acute toxicity of Daphnia magna and Danio rerio was only detected in the water samples from Chang B. Though the water samples downstream the receiving river showed no acute toxicity, the development malformation of Danio rerio were observed. Among the four methods of acute toxicity detection, luminescent bacteria are the most widely used, and the methods of acute toxicity of plant algal chlorophyll fluorescence,Daphnia magna and Danio rerio are alternative according to the purpose of monitoring and the characteristics of industrial parks. The experimental results can provide a choice for normalizing the monitoring of biological toxicity in the process of effluent discharge in industrial WWTPs and provide a basis for the management department to formulate the discharge standards.
Abstract:
The C2RCC processor , which is based on neuro network algorithm and implemented on SNAP software for remote sensing data, was used to the retrieval of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and total suspended matter(TSM) concentrations from Sentinel 3 OLCI imagery in south Yellow Sea, China. The results were compared with chlorophyll a and TSM concentrations of the in situ surface water samples in May,2019 through the cruise conducted by Jiangsu Provincial Marine Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Center. The results showed retrieval of Chl a hasn’t be able to cater for routine operational application. The spatial pattern of TSM showed better agreement with measured data. In Nantong sub region of south Yellow Sea, when the sampling dates were 1 day difference with or of the same day as Setinel 3, the coincidence of spatial variability patterns from satellite and in situ cruise for Chl a , and retrieved and in situ TSM, showed favorable agreements, hence remote sensing retrievals can to some extent meet operational requirements of monitoring the sub region ecosystem of south Yellow Sea.
The C2RCC processor , which is based on neuro network algorithm and implemented on SNAP software for remote sensing data, was used to the retrieval of chlorophyll a(Chl a) and total suspended matter(TSM) concentrations from Sentinel 3 OLCI imagery in south Yellow Sea, China. The results were compared with chlorophyll a and TSM concentrations of the in situ surface water samples in May,2019 through the cruise conducted by Jiangsu Provincial Marine Environment Monitoring and Forecasting Center. The results showed retrieval of Chl a hasn’t be able to cater for routine operational application. The spatial pattern of TSM showed better agreement with measured data. In Nantong sub region of south Yellow Sea, when the sampling dates were 1 day difference with or of the same day as Setinel 3, the coincidence of spatial variability patterns from satellite and in situ cruise for Chl a , and retrieved and in situ TSM, showed favorable agreements, hence remote sensing retrievals can to some extent meet operational requirements of monitoring the sub region ecosystem of south Yellow Sea.
Abstract:
The characteristics and sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 of Pudong urban and suburban areas in 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that K, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg and Al were the dominant metal elements in PM2.5. The annual mean value of K was 2973 ng/m3.In Pudong urban area, different elements showed different variation characteristics. While most of the elements in suburban area varied as follows: there was a monthly decline during spring, and fluctuations were observed in summer and in fall, but an increase was found after October. Source analysis showed that: dust + road source + construction dust, coal combustion, industrial emissions, metal smelting, ship emissions, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion were the six main sources of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in urban areas of Pudong new area. The contribution rate of dust + road source + construction dust to Ca was 82.7%, coal combustion to As was 86.6%, industrial emissions to SO2-4 was 65.9%, metal smelting to Cr was 75.7%, ship emissions to V was 97.5%, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion to Cl- was 93.0%. The main sources of coal combustion and metal smelting were from the west. Ship discharge distributed in the Yangtze estuary and its extension zone. The concentration of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in Pudong New Area is closely related to the emission intensity of local sources, external transmission and atmospheric diffusion conditions.
The characteristics and sources of heavy metals in PM2.5 of Pudong urban and suburban areas in 2017 were analyzed. The results showed that K, Fe, Na, Ca, Mg and Al were the dominant metal elements in PM2.5. The annual mean value of K was 2973 ng/m3.In Pudong urban area, different elements showed different variation characteristics. While most of the elements in suburban area varied as follows: there was a monthly decline during spring, and fluctuations were observed in summer and in fall, but an increase was found after October. Source analysis showed that: dust + road source + construction dust, coal combustion, industrial emissions, metal smelting, ship emissions, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion were the six main sources of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in urban areas of Pudong new area. The contribution rate of dust + road source + construction dust to Ca was 82.7%, coal combustion to As was 86.6%, industrial emissions to SO2-4 was 65.9%, metal smelting to Cr was 75.7%, ship emissions to V was 97.5%, sea salt + garbage incineration + biomass combustion to Cl- was 93.0%. The main sources of coal combustion and metal smelting were from the west. Ship discharge distributed in the Yangtze estuary and its extension zone. The concentration of heavy metal elements in PM2.5 in Pudong New Area is closely related to the emission intensity of local sources, external transmission and atmospheric diffusion conditions.
Remote Sensing Monitoring and Assessment for Human Activities of Shandong Provincial Nature Reserves
Abstract:
Based on high resolution satellite image in 2018, the information of human land use activities on nature reserves in Shandong Province was extracted to study the impact of human activities on nature reserves. The results showed that the area of human activities accounts for 22.2% of the total area of the nature reserves, and the human activity effect indices ranged from 0 to 0.013 68. Different types of nature reserves have different areas of human activity and the main impact factor differs with each other significantly. The main human activities of forestry ecosystem nature reserves are agricultural land, while the main human activities of wetland reserves are aquaculture. Wetland nature reserve is the most serious disturbed reserve，and wildlife nature reserve is least affected by human activities.
Based on high resolution satellite image in 2018, the information of human land use activities on nature reserves in Shandong Province was extracted to study the impact of human activities on nature reserves. The results showed that the area of human activities accounts for 22.2% of the total area of the nature reserves, and the human activity effect indices ranged from 0 to 0.013 68. Different types of nature reserves have different areas of human activity and the main impact factor differs with each other significantly. The main human activities of forestry ecosystem nature reserves are agricultural land, while the main human activities of wetland reserves are aquaculture. Wetland nature reserve is the most serious disturbed reserve，and wildlife nature reserve is least affected by human activities.
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2025,17(1):119-122, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.01.018
Abstract:
The electromagnetic radiation impact of 5G communication base stations varies significantly in different operating frequency bands and application scenarios， and is therefore of practical guidance significance for conducting regional electromagnetic environment monitoring and evaluation for batch base stations. This study conducted frequency band radiation environment monitoring on newly built 5G base stations in Bengbu City， Anhui Province， from August to December 2023. The regional survey monitoring method was used to compare and analyze the electromagnetic environment impact of 5G base stations in different frequency bands， and the current level of electromagnetic radiation environment in the 5G base station area was obtained. Three typical scenarios， including data transmission， video interaction， and no business broadcasting， were selected for actual testing. Key factors such as monitoring points and application scenarios that affect the electromagnetic radiation environment monitoring results were proposed， and suggestions were given for prioritizing the use of data transmission application scenarios in 5G base station radiation environment monitoring.
The electromagnetic radiation impact of 5G communication base stations varies significantly in different operating frequency bands and application scenarios， and is therefore of practical guidance significance for conducting regional electromagnetic environment monitoring and evaluation for batch base stations. This study conducted frequency band radiation environment monitoring on newly built 5G base stations in Bengbu City， Anhui Province， from August to December 2023. The regional survey monitoring method was used to compare and analyze the electromagnetic environment impact of 5G base stations in different frequency bands， and the current level of electromagnetic radiation environment in the 5G base station area was obtained. Three typical scenarios， including data transmission， video interaction， and no business broadcasting， were selected for actual testing. Key factors such as monitoring points and application scenarios that affect the electromagnetic radiation environment monitoring results were proposed， and suggestions were given for prioritizing the use of data transmission application scenarios in 5G base station radiation environment monitoring.
Abstract:
The evaluation of ecological environment is an important basis for the rational utilization of resources, the formulation of social and economic development plans and the countermeasures of ecological environment protection. Taking the administrative region of Henan Province as the research area, based on remote sensing images, water resources and environmental statistics, this paper comprehensively compares and analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of ecological environment and the spatial distribution of cold and hot spots in Henan Province from 2014 to 2018 by using the ecological environment index (EI) and spatial pattern analysis method.The results show that: (1) the variation range of EI value in Henan Province from 2014 to 2018 is 60.6~63.5,which shows a steady and improving trend. Except Kaifeng City and Jiyuan City, the EI values of 16 provincial cities have increased, and the EI values of Sanmenxia, Luoyang and Pingdingshan cities located in the western mountainous and hilly areas have increased significantly.(2) The hot spots of ecological environment in Henan Province from 2014 to 2018 were located in Sanmenxia City and Luoyang City in the western region, and there was no change in five years, which was relatively stable. The cold hot spot area shows high consistency with the high value and low value area of EI value.
The evaluation of ecological environment is an important basis for the rational utilization of resources, the formulation of social and economic development plans and the countermeasures of ecological environment protection. Taking the administrative region of Henan Province as the research area, based on remote sensing images, water resources and environmental statistics, this paper comprehensively compares and analyzes the temporal and spatial changes of ecological environment and the spatial distribution of cold and hot spots in Henan Province from 2014 to 2018 by using the ecological environment index (EI) and spatial pattern analysis method.The results show that: (1) the variation range of EI value in Henan Province from 2014 to 2018 is 60.6~63.5,which shows a steady and improving trend. Except Kaifeng City and Jiyuan City, the EI values of 16 provincial cities have increased, and the EI values of Sanmenxia, Luoyang and Pingdingshan cities located in the western mountainous and hilly areas have increased significantly.(2) The hot spots of ecological environment in Henan Province from 2014 to 2018 were located in Sanmenxia City and Luoyang City in the western region, and there was no change in five years, which was relatively stable. The cold hot spot area shows high consistency with the high value and low value area of EI value.
2024,16(4):53-62, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.04.006
Abstract:
Based on the PM2.5 and O3 monitoring data and NCEP-FNL data（i.e geopotential height and u、v wind at 925 hPa） in the fall and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） and the warm season（i.e.，April-October） in the central eastern region of China from 2014 to 2019， typical atmospheric circulation types（CTs） were recognized via T mode PCA classification method. The results showed that during the research period， seventeen CTs affected air quality in the Yangtze River Delta region （YRD region）， and the CTs that were prone to the occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 pollution were furtherly identified. High PM2.5 concentration in autumn and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） were usually related to cold front（AW_CT2） and High Pressure Moving to Sea（AW_CT3 and AW_CT5） weather system. Atmospheric circulation conditions may be conductive for upstream pollutant transport for AW_CT2 and local accumulation for AW_CT3 and AW_CT5 respectively. While high ozone concentration in warm season（i.e.， from April to October） were associated to subtropical high control（Spring_CT1 and Summer_CT1） and uniform pressure field（Summer_CT3 and Autumn_CT2）， but there may be differences in the impacts of meteorological characteristics and photochemical processes for O3 pollution. The O3 polluted days and MDA8 O3 concentrations in the five cities of the YRD region were higher than those controlled by other CTs in the same seasons. Moreover， double high pollution was frequently occurred in Shanghai， Hangzhou and Nanjing under subtropical high control and uniform pressure field.
Based on the PM2.5 and O3 monitoring data and NCEP-FNL data（i.e geopotential height and u、v wind at 925 hPa） in the fall and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） and the warm season（i.e.，April-October） in the central eastern region of China from 2014 to 2019， typical atmospheric circulation types（CTs） were recognized via T mode PCA classification method. The results showed that during the research period， seventeen CTs affected air quality in the Yangtze River Delta region （YRD region）， and the CTs that were prone to the occurrence of PM2.5 and O3 pollution were furtherly identified. High PM2.5 concentration in autumn and winter（i.e.， January， February， November， and December） were usually related to cold front（AW_CT2） and High Pressure Moving to Sea（AW_CT3 and AW_CT5） weather system. Atmospheric circulation conditions may be conductive for upstream pollutant transport for AW_CT2 and local accumulation for AW_CT3 and AW_CT5 respectively. While high ozone concentration in warm season（i.e.， from April to October） were associated to subtropical high control（Spring_CT1 and Summer_CT1） and uniform pressure field（Summer_CT3 and Autumn_CT2）， but there may be differences in the impacts of meteorological characteristics and photochemical processes for O3 pollution. The O3 polluted days and MDA8 O3 concentrations in the five cities of the YRD region were higher than those controlled by other CTs in the same seasons. Moreover， double high pollution was frequently occurred in Shanghai， Hangzhou and Nanjing under subtropical high control and uniform pressure field.
2025,17(1):8-13, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2025.01.002
Abstract:
To explore the association between pulmonary nodules and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in individuals with typical air pollution exposure in Wanzhou District， Chongqing, a study was conducted from April 2022 to November 2023. 40 traffic police officers in Wanzhou District were recruited for questionnaire surveys and blood sample collection. 23 biochemical indicators were analyzed and a chest low-dose CT（LDCT） examination was performed. GC-MS was used to detect 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in serum. Based on the LDCT results， the participants were divided into two groups: those with and without pulmonary nodules. The differences in biochemical indicators and serum PAH concentrations between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the PAH types that were significantly associated with pulmonary nodules. Among the 40 participants in the study， 29 cases（72.50%） of pulmonary nodules were detected， including 5 cases（12.5%） of solitary pulmonary nodules， 24 cases（60%） of multiple pulmonary nodules， 22 cases of micronodules（55%）， and 7 cases（17.5%） of small nodules. According to LU-RADS classification, 12 cases（30%） were classfied as type 2 nodules， 16 cases（60%） as type 3 nodules， and 1 case（2.5%） as type 4 nodules. The concentrations of acenaphthene and fluoranthene in the serum of the pulmonary nodule group were significantly higher than those of the non-pulmonary nodule group（p<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis and robustness analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between that fluoranthene levels and the occurrence of pulmonary nodules（p<0.05）.
To explore the association between pulmonary nodules and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in individuals with typical air pollution exposure in Wanzhou District， Chongqing, a study was conducted from April 2022 to November 2023. 40 traffic police officers in Wanzhou District were recruited for questionnaire surveys and blood sample collection. 23 biochemical indicators were analyzed and a chest low-dose CT（LDCT） examination was performed. GC-MS was used to detect 16 types of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in serum. Based on the LDCT results， the participants were divided into two groups: those with and without pulmonary nodules. The differences in biochemical indicators and serum PAH concentrations between the two groups were compared. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine the PAH types that were significantly associated with pulmonary nodules. Among the 40 participants in the study， 29 cases（72.50%） of pulmonary nodules were detected， including 5 cases（12.5%） of solitary pulmonary nodules， 24 cases（60%） of multiple pulmonary nodules， 22 cases of micronodules（55%）， and 7 cases（17.5%） of small nodules. According to LU-RADS classification, 12 cases（30%） were classfied as type 2 nodules， 16 cases（60%） as type 3 nodules， and 1 case（2.5%） as type 4 nodules. The concentrations of acenaphthene and fluoranthene in the serum of the pulmonary nodule group were significantly higher than those of the non-pulmonary nodule group（p<0.05）. Logistic regression analysis and robustness analysis revealed a significant positive correlation between that fluoranthene levels and the occurrence of pulmonary nodules（p<0.05）.
2024,16(1):68-73, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.01.011
Abstract:
Traditional water quality detection methods are time consuming and laborious， hyperspectral based water quality monitoring enables rapid， intuitive， and in situ monitoring of water quality. In this paper， taking the Sanwan section of the ancient canal in Yangzhou as the research area， based on the combination of UAV hyperspectral and water quality navigation monitoring vessel， the water ground collaborative mode and partial least squares algorithm were used to quantitatively invert the water quality parameters such as TP， NH3-N， TN， and IMn. The results show that the R2 of the partial least squares inversion model is between 91%～97%. The order of fitting effect was NH3-N>IMn>TN>TP. The absolute value of the inversion error of each index is between 0.2%～4%. The current method has a good inversion effect and can quickly and accurately obtain the distribution of urban river water quality， which is of great significance to urban water environment monitoring.
Traditional water quality detection methods are time consuming and laborious， hyperspectral based water quality monitoring enables rapid， intuitive， and in situ monitoring of water quality. In this paper， taking the Sanwan section of the ancient canal in Yangzhou as the research area， based on the combination of UAV hyperspectral and water quality navigation monitoring vessel， the water ground collaborative mode and partial least squares algorithm were used to quantitatively invert the water quality parameters such as TP， NH3-N， TN， and IMn. The results show that the R2 of the partial least squares inversion model is between 91%～97%. The order of fitting effect was NH3-N>IMn>TN>TP. The absolute value of the inversion error of each index is between 0.2%～4%. The current method has a good inversion effect and can quickly and accurately obtain the distribution of urban river water quality， which is of great significance to urban water environment monitoring.
Abstract:
Based on the regular monitoring results of surface water from 2016 to 2020, it is found that the concentration of fluoride in Ruipingtang River has increased since 2017. In 2020, the average fluoride in one section reached 1.25 mg/L, 145% higher than that in 2016. From March to June 2021, traceability investigation on fluoride had been carried out. The research results showed that in 2021, the fluoride concentrations in 59.34% of the sites were more than 1.0 mg/L, 42.86% of the above sites showed fluoride concentrations more than 1.5 mg/L. The fluoride concentrations in most rivers exceeded the requirements of water function areas, posing a large potential risk to ecological environment security. The results of tracing investigation showed that agricultural sources and mines were not the sources of fluoride pollution in the Ruipingtang River, but the wastewater discharged by latex product enterprises were. At present, fluoride pollution is not mentioned in the discharge standards and environmental impact assessment of the industry, there is no fluoride removal process unit in the enterprise’s wastewater treatment facilities, and there is a lack of effective pollution prevention measures and regulatory requirements. It is proposed that the improvement of latex products industry in this region should be organized in a timely manner, fluoride treatment process units should be added, effluent quality should be improved, fluoride emission concentration limits should be determined, and further research and improvement should be made on the emission standards of this industry.
Based on the regular monitoring results of surface water from 2016 to 2020, it is found that the concentration of fluoride in Ruipingtang River has increased since 2017. In 2020, the average fluoride in one section reached 1.25 mg/L, 145% higher than that in 2016. From March to June 2021, traceability investigation on fluoride had been carried out. The research results showed that in 2021, the fluoride concentrations in 59.34% of the sites were more than 1.0 mg/L, 42.86% of the above sites showed fluoride concentrations more than 1.5 mg/L. The fluoride concentrations in most rivers exceeded the requirements of water function areas, posing a large potential risk to ecological environment security. The results of tracing investigation showed that agricultural sources and mines were not the sources of fluoride pollution in the Ruipingtang River, but the wastewater discharged by latex product enterprises were. At present, fluoride pollution is not mentioned in the discharge standards and environmental impact assessment of the industry, there is no fluoride removal process unit in the enterprise’s wastewater treatment facilities, and there is a lack of effective pollution prevention measures and regulatory requirements. It is proposed that the improvement of latex products industry in this region should be organized in a timely manner, fluoride treatment process units should be added, effluent quality should be improved, fluoride emission concentration limits should be determined, and further research and improvement should be made on the emission standards of this industry.
ZHANG Baofeng, CHEN Jiansong, JIN Rong, CHEN Hao, WU Lanjia, YE Yonggen, YU Haixia, HAN Jie, CHEN Feng
2024,16(1):46-50, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.01.007
Abstract:
An inductively coupled plasma coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (ICP-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of trace total phosphorus (TP)， dissolved phosphorus (DP) and particulate phosphorus(PP) in surface water samples. The instrument parameters and oxygen flow rate for the determination of phosphorus in water by ICP-MS/MS were determined. The detection limit， precision and accuracy of the method for the determination of phosphorus in surface water were studied. The effects of turbidity， chromaticity and the presence of arsenic， chromium and sulfur on the determination of phosphorus by ICP-MS/MS were explored. The results show that trace phosphorus in surface water can be detected by ICP-MS/MS with high purity oxygen， and the detection limit of this method is 0.24 μg/L， the method has good linearity in the range of 1.00~1 000 μg/L， the correlation coefficient is 0.999 5， and the recoveries are between 92% to 103%. This method has fast detection speed and strong resistance to the interference of turbidity， chromaticity， arsenic， chromium and sulfur. The monitoring data of Xinanjiang Reservoir in four quarters shows that the average concentration of TP in the whole lake of Xin'anjiang Reservoir is 10~20 μg/L， the ratio of DP to TP is 42.4%~50.9%. ICP MS/MS method therefore can satisfy the determination and speciation analysis of trace phosphorus in surface water.
An inductively coupled plasma coupled with triple quadrupole mass spectrometric (ICP-MS/MS) method was established for the determination of trace total phosphorus (TP)， dissolved phosphorus (DP) and particulate phosphorus(PP) in surface water samples. The instrument parameters and oxygen flow rate for the determination of phosphorus in water by ICP-MS/MS were determined. The detection limit， precision and accuracy of the method for the determination of phosphorus in surface water were studied. The effects of turbidity， chromaticity and the presence of arsenic， chromium and sulfur on the determination of phosphorus by ICP-MS/MS were explored. The results show that trace phosphorus in surface water can be detected by ICP-MS/MS with high purity oxygen， and the detection limit of this method is 0.24 μg/L， the method has good linearity in the range of 1.00~1 000 μg/L， the correlation coefficient is 0.999 5， and the recoveries are between 92% to 103%. This method has fast detection speed and strong resistance to the interference of turbidity， chromaticity， arsenic， chromium and sulfur. The monitoring data of Xinanjiang Reservoir in four quarters shows that the average concentration of TP in the whole lake of Xin'anjiang Reservoir is 10~20 μg/L， the ratio of DP to TP is 42.4%~50.9%. ICP MS/MS method therefore can satisfy the determination and speciation analysis of trace phosphorus in surface water.
2024,16(3):16-22, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.03.003
Abstract:
A method for the determination of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in marine sediment was developed by QuEChERS coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sediment samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up with PSA and C18 adsorbent powder. The analytes were then detected by multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） modes. The results showed that， the linear relationships of the 18 PCBs were good with the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.999 2 to 0.999 9. The average recoveries of the target compounds in marine sediments collected from adjacent sea of Lianyungang spiked at three different concentrations ranged from 70.6% to 96.5%， and the relative standard deviations ranged from 6.5% to 14.8%. The limits of detections for the target compounds were in the range of 0.02~0.08 μg/kg. It proved that， the developed method can avoid the use of large amounts of solvents， and is simple，stable，reliable and sensitive. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of trace PCBs in marine sediments.
A method for the determination of 18 polychlorinated biphenyls （PCBs） in marine sediment was developed by QuEChERS coupled with gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Sediment samples were extracted with acetonitrile and cleaned up with PSA and C18 adsorbent powder. The analytes were then detected by multiple reaction monitoring （MRM） modes. The results showed that， the linear relationships of the 18 PCBs were good with the correlation coefficients ranged from 0.999 2 to 0.999 9. The average recoveries of the target compounds in marine sediments collected from adjacent sea of Lianyungang spiked at three different concentrations ranged from 70.6% to 96.5%， and the relative standard deviations ranged from 6.5% to 14.8%. The limits of detections for the target compounds were in the range of 0.02~0.08 μg/kg. It proved that， the developed method can avoid the use of large amounts of solvents， and is simple，stable，reliable and sensitive. It has been successfully applied to the analysis of trace PCBs in marine sediments.
Abstract:
Based on the principle of color reaction between ammonia nitrogen and Nessler’s reagent, a method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in fresh water was established with a reaction system of 1 mL. The dosage of developer was 20 μL, the color development time was 10~30 min, salinity was less than 0.5%, pH value was 3~11, and Nessler’s reagent was centrifuged at 6 000 r/min for 5 min in this method. The absorbance of the color reaction solution was measured at 420 nm by using the 96 well plate of the enzyme marker. The orthogonal validation was carried out between the absorbance of the new method and the absorbance of ammonia nitrogen determined in Water Quality Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen Nesslers Reagent Spectrophotometry (HJ 535—2009) (national standard method). The result indicated that the new method showed a good fit with the national standard method. Moreover, the detection range was increased from 0～2.0 mg/L in the national standard method to 0~4.8 mg/L in the new method. The new method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in fresh water showed the advantages of simplicity, continuity, rapidity and high volume, which was suitable for the field and real time determination of ammonia nitrogen in fresh water.
Based on the principle of color reaction between ammonia nitrogen and Nessler’s reagent, a method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in fresh water was established with a reaction system of 1 mL. The dosage of developer was 20 μL, the color development time was 10~30 min, salinity was less than 0.5%, pH value was 3~11, and Nessler’s reagent was centrifuged at 6 000 r/min for 5 min in this method. The absorbance of the color reaction solution was measured at 420 nm by using the 96 well plate of the enzyme marker. The orthogonal validation was carried out between the absorbance of the new method and the absorbance of ammonia nitrogen determined in Water Quality Determination of Ammonia Nitrogen Nesslers Reagent Spectrophotometry (HJ 535—2009) (national standard method). The result indicated that the new method showed a good fit with the national standard method. Moreover, the detection range was increased from 0～2.0 mg/L in the national standard method to 0~4.8 mg/L in the new method. The new method for the determination of ammonia nitrogen in fresh water showed the advantages of simplicity, continuity, rapidity and high volume, which was suitable for the field and real time determination of ammonia nitrogen in fresh water.
2023,15(6):17-23, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2023.06.003
Abstract:
QuEChERS pretreatment technology and ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） were used to analyze the content levels of eight kinds of bisphenols（BPs） in Bailong River，Jialing River and Nanhe River in Guangyuan City during the withered water period and high water period of 2020 and 2021，and the relationship was discussed between concentration characteristics and water environment. The BPs pollution was widespread in the three rivers. Among them，the concentration range of ΣBPs was 13.86~146.33 ng/L，with an average concentration of 53.33 ng/L in Bailong River； the concentration range of ΣBPs was 19.95~90.85 ng/L，with an average concentration of 49.88 ng/L in Jialing River； the concentration range of ΣBPs was 21.22~161.16 ng/L，with an average concentration of 67.12 ng/L in Nanhe River. The BPs pollutant were mainly BPA， followed by BPS in the three rivers，and the detected concentrations and frequencies of other BPs（BPF， BPZ， BPAP， BPAF and BPP） were relatively low. The average concentration of ΣBPs was higher in withered water period than in high water period， and higher in 2021 than in 2020. The discharge of a large number of urban domestic sewage results in abnormally high concentration of ΣBPs in many sections， showing obvious characteristics of point source pollution. In the future， it is necessary to strengthen monitoring of BPs pollutants in rivers， and comprehensively study and judge river water environment combined with conventional water quality analysis.
QuEChERS pretreatment technology and ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry（UPLC-MS/MS） were used to analyze the content levels of eight kinds of bisphenols（BPs） in Bailong River，Jialing River and Nanhe River in Guangyuan City during the withered water period and high water period of 2020 and 2021，and the relationship was discussed between concentration characteristics and water environment. The BPs pollution was widespread in the three rivers. Among them，the concentration range of ΣBPs was 13.86~146.33 ng/L，with an average concentration of 53.33 ng/L in Bailong River； the concentration range of ΣBPs was 19.95~90.85 ng/L，with an average concentration of 49.88 ng/L in Jialing River； the concentration range of ΣBPs was 21.22~161.16 ng/L，with an average concentration of 67.12 ng/L in Nanhe River. The BPs pollutant were mainly BPA， followed by BPS in the three rivers，and the detected concentrations and frequencies of other BPs（BPF， BPZ， BPAP， BPAF and BPP） were relatively low. The average concentration of ΣBPs was higher in withered water period than in high water period， and higher in 2021 than in 2020. The discharge of a large number of urban domestic sewage results in abnormally high concentration of ΣBPs in many sections， showing obvious characteristics of point source pollution. In the future， it is necessary to strengthen monitoring of BPs pollutants in rivers， and comprehensively study and judge river water environment combined with conventional water quality analysis.
2024,16(2):80-86, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.02.012
Abstract:
To improve the environmental improvement effect of water diversion projects， it is necessary to analyze the self connection level， water quality status and main influencing factors of water environment. This study takes the Yuejin polders which located in Taihu basin as the research object， uses the graph theory connectivity theorem to evaluate the static base flow connectivity in the study area， furtherly explores the spatial differences and variation characteristics of the connectivity of water systems in the study area. Meanwhile， short term water diversion experiments were carried out， and the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method was used to evaluate the changes of water quality and the response relationship between the water environment and water system connectivity. The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has applicability in the analysis of water environment improvement， and could realize a comprehensive analysis of the water quality changes. Water fluidity is an important environmental factor affecting the water quality， and permanganate index is the main influencing factor that leads to the deterioration of water quality in the study area. The water diversion project has a certain continuous improvement effect on the water environment in the polder area， but the improvement effect is limited in the area with poor base flow connectivity.
To improve the environmental improvement effect of water diversion projects， it is necessary to analyze the self connection level， water quality status and main influencing factors of water environment. This study takes the Yuejin polders which located in Taihu basin as the research object， uses the graph theory connectivity theorem to evaluate the static base flow connectivity in the study area， furtherly explores the spatial differences and variation characteristics of the connectivity of water systems in the study area. Meanwhile， short term water diversion experiments were carried out， and the fuzzy comprehensive analysis method was used to evaluate the changes of water quality and the response relationship between the water environment and water system connectivity. The results show that the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation method has applicability in the analysis of water environment improvement， and could realize a comprehensive analysis of the water quality changes. Water fluidity is an important environmental factor affecting the water quality， and permanganate index is the main influencing factor that leads to the deterioration of water quality in the study area. The water diversion project has a certain continuous improvement effect on the water environment in the polder area， but the improvement effect is limited in the area with poor base flow connectivity.
2024,16(2):100-105, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.02.015
Abstract:
To study the water eco environment quality of seagoing rivers in Yancheng， a survey on periphytic algae community structure in main seagoing rivers of Yancheng was conducted in May and September 2022， and the water ecology of 10 seagoing rivers were evaluated based on rivers water eco-environment quality comprehensive evaluation index. The results showed that the proportion of sections with good-quality surface water reaching Grade III and above was 70% throughout the year， and the permanganate index and dissolved oxygen were the main influencing factors on the water quality of the section. Shannon-Wiener index（H′）was between 2.77~4.4， with a mean value at 3.97. The overall evaluation level was excellent. The survey found that there were 7 phylum of periphytic algae， including diatoms， green algae， cyanobacteria， euglenophyta， dinoflagellates， cryptophytes， and xanthophyta， a total of 129 species； 88 species（genera） were found in May， and 95 species（genera） were found in September. Diatom dominated the community all over the year. 80% of the total sections were good or above according to eco environment quality comprehensive evaluation index， water quality and habitat were the main factor constraining the water eco environment quality comprehensive evaluation index of seagoing rivers.
To study the water eco environment quality of seagoing rivers in Yancheng， a survey on periphytic algae community structure in main seagoing rivers of Yancheng was conducted in May and September 2022， and the water ecology of 10 seagoing rivers were evaluated based on rivers water eco-environment quality comprehensive evaluation index. The results showed that the proportion of sections with good-quality surface water reaching Grade III and above was 70% throughout the year， and the permanganate index and dissolved oxygen were the main influencing factors on the water quality of the section. Shannon-Wiener index（H′）was between 2.77~4.4， with a mean value at 3.97. The overall evaluation level was excellent. The survey found that there were 7 phylum of periphytic algae， including diatoms， green algae， cyanobacteria， euglenophyta， dinoflagellates， cryptophytes， and xanthophyta， a total of 129 species； 88 species（genera） were found in May， and 95 species（genera） were found in September. Diatom dominated the community all over the year. 80% of the total sections were good or above according to eco environment quality comprehensive evaluation index， water quality and habitat were the main factor constraining the water eco environment quality comprehensive evaluation index of seagoing rivers.
2025,17(4):90-95, 107, DOI: 10.3969/j. issn. 1674-6732.2025.04.013
Abstract:
To establish and improve the comprehensive evaluation system for rural environmental quality, the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre launched the Technical Regulation for Comprehensive Evaluation of Rural Environmental Quality
To establish and improve the comprehensive evaluation system for rural environmental quality, the China National Environmental Monitoring Centre launched the Technical Regulation for Comprehensive Evaluation of Rural Environmental Quality
Preliminary Analysis of China‘s Provincial Carbon Emissions and the Synergy with Pollution Reduction
2024,16(4):143-150, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.04.018
Abstract:
Under the background of Chinas peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality goals， based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2018 to 2021， this paper used the method given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC） to calculate carbon emissions using energy consumption data and emission factors， analyzed the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of China‘s carbon dioxide（CO2 ） emissions， and used the emission reduction synergy effect quantitative evaluation method to evaluate the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in various provinces and cities. The results show that： China's total carbon emissions are increasing year by year， but the growth rate has begun to slow down since 2021； A high value carbon emission area centered on North China and South China has been formed， roughly showing a “low in the south and high in the north” pattern， the carbon emissions and growth rates in most provinces and cities are still increasing； About 70% of the provinces and cities have not yet formed a synergistic effect between carbon emissions and air pollution/air quality， and local governments should strengthen the control of carbon emissions. Therefore， it is recommended that all provinces and cities in China improve the utilization rate of clean energy， develop low-carbon technologies according to local conditions， so as to reduce carbon emissions and achieve synergy in pollution reduction and carbon reduction.
Under the background of Chinas peak carbon emissions and carbon neutrality goals， based on the data of 30 provinces in China from 2018 to 2021， this paper used the method given by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change（IPCC） to calculate carbon emissions using energy consumption data and emission factors， analyzed the spatiotemporal evolutionary characteristics of China‘s carbon dioxide（CO2 ） emissions， and used the emission reduction synergy effect quantitative evaluation method to evaluate the synergistic effects of pollution reduction and carbon reduction in various provinces and cities. The results show that： China's total carbon emissions are increasing year by year， but the growth rate has begun to slow down since 2021； A high value carbon emission area centered on North China and South China has been formed， roughly showing a “low in the south and high in the north” pattern， the carbon emissions and growth rates in most provinces and cities are still increasing； About 70% of the provinces and cities have not yet formed a synergistic effect between carbon emissions and air pollution/air quality， and local governments should strengthen the control of carbon emissions. Therefore， it is recommended that all provinces and cities in China improve the utilization rate of clean energy， develop low-carbon technologies according to local conditions， so as to reduce carbon emissions and achieve synergy in pollution reduction and carbon reduction.
2024,16(1):104-108, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.01.017
Abstract:
Compared with water and air pollution， soil pollution is characterized by concealment， hysteresis and accumulation， and the restoration of contaminated soil are costly， long cycle and difficult， so it is necessary to strengthen source prevention and control to prevent problems before they occur. This paper briefly describes the management requirements of key soil pollution supervision units in China， sorts out the management points of key soil pollution supervision units from the four links of environmental access period， construction period， operation period and decommissioning period， analyzes the management status and existing problems of key soil pollution supervision units in Jiangsu Province， and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of strengthening publicity and training， implementing categorical and hierarchical management， exploring and carrying out technical models of management and control while production， and improving the supervision capacity of grassroots management departments， in order to provide decision making reference for soil environmental management in Jiangsu Province.
Compared with water and air pollution， soil pollution is characterized by concealment， hysteresis and accumulation， and the restoration of contaminated soil are costly， long cycle and difficult， so it is necessary to strengthen source prevention and control to prevent problems before they occur. This paper briefly describes the management requirements of key soil pollution supervision units in China， sorts out the management points of key soil pollution supervision units from the four links of environmental access period， construction period， operation period and decommissioning period， analyzes the management status and existing problems of key soil pollution supervision units in Jiangsu Province， and puts forward countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of strengthening publicity and training， implementing categorical and hierarchical management， exploring and carrying out technical models of management and control while production， and improving the supervision capacity of grassroots management departments， in order to provide decision making reference for soil environmental management in Jiangsu Province.
2024,16(2):87-93, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.02.013
Abstract:
In order to comprehensively grasp the changes of water quality along the Han River after it enters and leaves Xiangyang urban area， and reasonably formulate corresponding protection measures， a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the water environment quality， change trend and related characteristics of Xiangyang section of Han River is carried out based on the water quality monitoring data of the exit section， entry section and tributaries of Xiangyang urban section of Han River from 2018 to 2022. The results showed that the water quality of exit and entry sections of Xiangyang urban section of the Han River from 2018 to 2022 was generally good， but the main indices of ammonia nitrogen， total phosphorus and total nitrogen in exit sections were significantly higher than those in entry sections， and the inflow of major tributaries Tangbai River， Qing River and Nanqu River had a greater impact on the water quality of exit sections. From 2018 to 2021， the concentrations of the main monitoring indicators during the water period were greater than those in the dry period， while that were quite the reverse in 2022. The contribution of nitrogen pollution to water quality in Xiangyang urban section of Han River was obviously higher than that of phosphorus pollution， which was still mainly nitrogen pollution， and nitrogen in water quality mainly exists in forms other than free ammonia and ammonium salt. The correlation analysis results showed that the correlation between ammonia nitrogen and the other indicators in entry sections was inconsistent with that in exit sections， the same inconsistence was observed between total nitrogen and the other indicators. While the correlation between total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen and other parameters were basically consistent. The results can provide scientific basis for the improvement of water environment and pollution control measures of Han River.
In order to comprehensively grasp the changes of water quality along the Han River after it enters and leaves Xiangyang urban area， and reasonably formulate corresponding protection measures， a comprehensive analysis and evaluation of the water environment quality， change trend and related characteristics of Xiangyang section of Han River is carried out based on the water quality monitoring data of the exit section， entry section and tributaries of Xiangyang urban section of Han River from 2018 to 2022. The results showed that the water quality of exit and entry sections of Xiangyang urban section of the Han River from 2018 to 2022 was generally good， but the main indices of ammonia nitrogen， total phosphorus and total nitrogen in exit sections were significantly higher than those in entry sections， and the inflow of major tributaries Tangbai River， Qing River and Nanqu River had a greater impact on the water quality of exit sections. From 2018 to 2021， the concentrations of the main monitoring indicators during the water period were greater than those in the dry period， while that were quite the reverse in 2022. The contribution of nitrogen pollution to water quality in Xiangyang urban section of Han River was obviously higher than that of phosphorus pollution， which was still mainly nitrogen pollution， and nitrogen in water quality mainly exists in forms other than free ammonia and ammonium salt. The correlation analysis results showed that the correlation between ammonia nitrogen and the other indicators in entry sections was inconsistent with that in exit sections， the same inconsistence was observed between total nitrogen and the other indicators. While the correlation between total phosphorus and dissolved oxygen and other parameters were basically consistent. The results can provide scientific basis for the improvement of water environment and pollution control measures of Han River.
2024,16(2):22-30, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.02.004
Abstract:
Using solid phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(SPE UPLC MS MS)， 17 per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) were analyzed in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants in Guangxi（P1、P2、P3）. The findings revealed 10 PFASs were detected with detection rates ranging from 33.3% to 100%. PFASs concentrations in influent and effluent ranged from 32.0 to 86.4 ng/L and 23.0 to 39.6 ng/L， respectively. Notably， perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)， perfluoropentanoic acid(PFPeA)， and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) dominated the pollution profile. The anaerobic anoxic oxic(AAO) process exhibited a 49.0% removal efficiency， while the modified sequencing batch reactor(MSBR) achieved 72.2%， and the oxidation ditch process achieved 25.0%. Sewage was the main source of PFASs in influent of P1 and P3， but in influent of P2， the main sources of PFASs were sewage and industrial wastewater. Furthermore， PFDoDA in P1 effluent posed a high ecological risk to fish and water fleas， and a moderate risk to algae， while P2 and P3 effluents showed lower ecological risks to the receiving rivers.
Using solid phase extraction and ultra high performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry(SPE UPLC MS MS)， 17 per and polyfluoroalkyl substances(PFASs) were analyzed in wastewater from three wastewater treatment plants in Guangxi（P1、P2、P3）. The findings revealed 10 PFASs were detected with detection rates ranging from 33.3% to 100%. PFASs concentrations in influent and effluent ranged from 32.0 to 86.4 ng/L and 23.0 to 39.6 ng/L， respectively. Notably， perfluorobutanoic acid(PFBA)， perfluoropentanoic acid(PFPeA)， and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA) dominated the pollution profile. The anaerobic anoxic oxic(AAO) process exhibited a 49.0% removal efficiency， while the modified sequencing batch reactor(MSBR) achieved 72.2%， and the oxidation ditch process achieved 25.0%. Sewage was the main source of PFASs in influent of P1 and P3， but in influent of P2， the main sources of PFASs were sewage and industrial wastewater. Furthermore， PFDoDA in P1 effluent posed a high ecological risk to fish and water fleas， and a moderate risk to algae， while P2 and P3 effluents showed lower ecological risks to the receiving rivers.
2024,16(1):94-99, DOI: DOI：10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2024.01.015
Abstract:
Monitoring and analysis of aquaculture water is an important basis for assessing the effect of aquaculture pollution sources on environmental quality of surface water. The water quality of aquaculture ponds and surface water sections in Xinghua， a typical area of Lixia River， was analyzed by techniques and analysis methods including manual monitoring， correlation analysis， three dimensional fluorescence and risk quotients method. The results revealed that the water quality of aquaculture water was generally worse than that of surface water sections. The water quality of aquaculture ponds and surface water sections was researched. 89.7% of the discharged aquaculture water met the requirements set by relative standard， pH value was the main influence factor. Y1 and Y2 ponds showed negative impact on permanganate index of S1 section. Agricultural sources represented by aquaculture water are the main pollution sources affecting the water quality of S1 section. The detection rate of Lincosamides in surface water and aquaculture water both reached 100%，tetracycline and cephalosporin antibiotics were consumed more in the aquaculture activities in this area. Risk quotients evaluation results showed superior threat risk of sulfamethoxazole of aquaculture water in Y2 pond.
Monitoring and analysis of aquaculture water is an important basis for assessing the effect of aquaculture pollution sources on environmental quality of surface water. The water quality of aquaculture ponds and surface water sections in Xinghua， a typical area of Lixia River， was analyzed by techniques and analysis methods including manual monitoring， correlation analysis， three dimensional fluorescence and risk quotients method. The results revealed that the water quality of aquaculture water was generally worse than that of surface water sections. The water quality of aquaculture ponds and surface water sections was researched. 89.7% of the discharged aquaculture water met the requirements set by relative standard， pH value was the main influence factor. Y1 and Y2 ponds showed negative impact on permanganate index of S1 section. Agricultural sources represented by aquaculture water are the main pollution sources affecting the water quality of S1 section. The detection rate of Lincosamides in surface water and aquaculture water both reached 100%，tetracycline and cephalosporin antibiotics were consumed more in the aquaculture activities in this area. Risk quotients evaluation results showed superior threat risk of sulfamethoxazole of aquaculture water in Y2 pond.
2023,15(5):1-7, DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-6732.2023.05.001
Abstract:
Based on the ambient air quality monitoring data from 339 cities in China during 2013 to 2022，the characteristics of the ambient air quality variations during the past 10 years were analyzed. The results showed that，national ambient air quality was significantly improved in the recent decade. PM2.5 concentration in 74 key cities across the country decreased from 68 μg/m3 in 2013 to 29 μg/m3 in 2022，with the magnitude of 57.4%. As for the primary emission pollutant，the concentration of SO2 and NO2 decreased by 71.9% and 27.6%，respectively in 10 years，and CO concentration decreased by 42.1% since 2015. O3 concentration fluctuated in these years，which was affected by high temperature and drought. Its concentration was 148 and 145 μg/m3 in 2019 and 2022 respectively，and fluctuated from 137 to 139 μg/m3 in other years. The proportion of attainment days in 74 key cities rose from 65.7% in 2013 to 83.0% in 2022. That is equivalent to an annual increase of 65 attainment days per city over 10 years. The proportion of heavily polluted days decreased from 7.9% to 0.6%， which means 90% of the heavily polluted days were reduced. During 2020—2022，more than 90% of the heavy pollution days appeared in fall and winter with no sand and dust. O3 nonattainment days in summer and fall had a significant impact on the proportion of attainment days. It is recommended to further strengthen the joint prevention and control of pollution in key regions and cities， and strengthen the synergistic management of multi pollutants，so as to promote the sustained improvement of air quality.
Based on the ambient air quality monitoring data from 339 cities in China during 2013 to 2022，the characteristics of the ambient air quality variations during the past 10 years were analyzed. The results showed that，national ambient air quality was significantly improved in the recent decade. PM2.5 concentration in 74 key cities across the country decreased from 68 μg/m3 in 2013 to 29 μg/m3 in 2022，with the magnitude of 57.4%. As for the primary emission pollutant，the concentration of SO2 and NO2 decreased by 71.9% and 27.6%，respectively in 10 years，and CO concentration decreased by 42.1% since 2015. O3 concentration fluctuated in these years，which was affected by high temperature and drought. Its concentration was 148 and 145 μg/m3 in 2019 and 2022 respectively，and fluctuated from 137 to 139 μg/m3 in other years. The proportion of attainment days in 74 key cities rose from 65.7% in 2013 to 83.0% in 2022. That is equivalent to an annual increase of 65 attainment days per city over 10 years. The proportion of heavily polluted days decreased from 7.9% to 0.6%， which means 90% of the heavily polluted days were reduced. During 2020—2022，more than 90% of the heavy pollution days appeared in fall and winter with no sand and dust. O3 nonattainment days in summer and fall had a significant impact on the proportion of attainment days. It is recommended to further strengthen the joint prevention and control of pollution in key regions and cities， and strengthen the synergistic management of multi pollutants，so as to promote the sustained improvement of air quality.
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This paper summarized our country′s construction and operation situation of state surface water quality automatic monitoring network, analyzed the problems of water stations in the operation and management, data quality assurance and quality control. Opinions and suggestions were put forward on the comprehensive analysis of automatic monitoring data and sustainable development of water quality automatic monitoring.
This paper summarized our country′s construction and operation situation of state surface water quality automatic monitoring network, analyzed the problems of water stations in the operation and management, data quality assurance and quality control. Opinions and suggestions were put forward on the comprehensive analysis of automatic monitoring data and sustainable development of water quality automatic monitoring.
Abstract:
The temporary control measures during the AYG were described, and the performance was analyzed, including the impact on the improvement of the air quality and the main problems. The results showed that the temporary control measures were well implemented, leading to good air quality.The reduced emissions of SO2,NOx and PM reached 715 t, 528 t and 2 029 t in August, comparing with July. SO2,NO2,PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 22.2%, 26.8%, 18% and 11.6% in Aug.2013 comparing with Aug.2012.The advantage of the measures that enterprises stopped or limited production, was the cooperative control for many pollutants, but measures need higher pay and difficult operation. Construction shut down was a very effective way to control primary PM,with good operability.In the end,the successful experiences of AYG air quality protection were summarized, and some countermeasures for YOG air quality protection were proposed.
The temporary control measures during the AYG were described, and the performance was analyzed, including the impact on the improvement of the air quality and the main problems. The results showed that the temporary control measures were well implemented, leading to good air quality.The reduced emissions of SO2,NOx and PM reached 715 t, 528 t and 2 029 t in August, comparing with July. SO2,NO2,PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations decreased by 22.2%, 26.8%, 18% and 11.6% in Aug.2013 comparing with Aug.2012.The advantage of the measures that enterprises stopped or limited production, was the cooperative control for many pollutants, but measures need higher pay and difficult operation. Construction shut down was a very effective way to control primary PM,with good operability.In the end,the successful experiences of AYG air quality protection were summarized, and some countermeasures for YOG air quality protection were proposed.
Abstract:
total nitrogen in soils; Kjeldahl method; method improvement; soils of different types
total nitrogen in soils; Kjeldahl method; method improvement; soils of different types
Abstract:
This paper puts forward the concept of city green development competitiveness,mainly discusses the relationship between environmental quality assessment and development level of economy and society and constructs an evaluation index system formed by 3 levels of first class indicators,second class indicators and third class indicators by combining with urban economic development level of a quantitative index industrial GDP from the hard environment of urban air environmental quality,the frequency of acid rain,surface water environment quality,the acoustic environmental quality of drinking water source,water quality and ecological environment quality and so on.The study uses environment cost of unit industrial GDP to represent the urban green development competitiveness and takes cities in Anhui province as an example.
This paper puts forward the concept of city green development competitiveness,mainly discusses the relationship between environmental quality assessment and development level of economy and society and constructs an evaluation index system formed by 3 levels of first class indicators,second class indicators and third class indicators by combining with urban economic development level of a quantitative index industrial GDP from the hard environment of urban air environmental quality,the frequency of acid rain,surface water environment quality,the acoustic environmental quality of drinking water source,water quality and ecological environment quality and so on.The study uses environment cost of unit industrial GDP to represent the urban green development competitiveness and takes cities in Anhui province as an example.
Abstract:
Based on Nanjing air quality monitoring results during the Asian Youth Games (AYG) in August, the air quality was evaluated and analyzed and the relevant reasons of air quality change were discussed with the temporary control measures and the meteorological conditions. The results showed that the air quality in Nanjing in August achieved a moderate level and was further improved during the AYG. According the Air Quality Standards of different pollutants, many of them reached moderate levels and the pollution decreased obviously compared with the same period of the last year. This could be attributable to steps taken to reduce emissions from industrial point sources as well as temporary control measures on motor vehicle flow and dust of non point sources. Additionally, general meteorological conditions during the period of the games were beneficial to the diffusion of pollutants.
Based on Nanjing air quality monitoring results during the Asian Youth Games (AYG) in August, the air quality was evaluated and analyzed and the relevant reasons of air quality change were discussed with the temporary control measures and the meteorological conditions. The results showed that the air quality in Nanjing in August achieved a moderate level and was further improved during the AYG. According the Air Quality Standards of different pollutants, many of them reached moderate levels and the pollution decreased obviously compared with the same period of the last year. This could be attributable to steps taken to reduce emissions from industrial point sources as well as temporary control measures on motor vehicle flow and dust of non point sources. Additionally, general meteorological conditions during the period of the games were beneficial to the diffusion of pollutants.
Abstract:
This paper reviewed the development process of air quality model in China and abroad, the key technology in numerical model of air quality and its application research. The modeling prediction of air quality was currently confronting three major issues: the large uncertainties in air pollutant emission inventory, modeling meteorology conditions especially boundary layer and the physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere. It was proposed that the standardized production and the more precise data of emission inventory could improve the accuracy of emission data with the unified standard in analyzing emission sources, and the multi direction development of measurement methods and the enhancement in both monitoring density and frequency with lab study would be used to build the suitable physical and chemical mechanism for Chinese air environment. By optimizing the parameterization schemes in air quality models and introducing the technology of data assimilation with meteorology and satellite observations as well as the air quality measurement, a unified system integrating air quality monitoring and modeling prediction subsystems would be realized in the multi platform of application.
This paper reviewed the development process of air quality model in China and abroad, the key technology in numerical model of air quality and its application research. The modeling prediction of air quality was currently confronting three major issues: the large uncertainties in air pollutant emission inventory, modeling meteorology conditions especially boundary layer and the physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere. It was proposed that the standardized production and the more precise data of emission inventory could improve the accuracy of emission data with the unified standard in analyzing emission sources, and the multi direction development of measurement methods and the enhancement in both monitoring density and frequency with lab study would be used to build the suitable physical and chemical mechanism for Chinese air environment. By optimizing the parameterization schemes in air quality models and introducing the technology of data assimilation with meteorology and satellite observations as well as the air quality measurement, a unified system integrating air quality monitoring and modeling prediction subsystems would be realized in the multi platform of application.
Abstract:
In order to ensure that the air quality can meet the standards during the 2nd summer Youth Olympic Games in August 2014, Jiangsu environmental monitoring center invited the Institute of Atmospheric Physics，Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing University and other 34 units to launch a one month air quality protection observation. At the end, we gathered about 50 thousand data and cruise observed more than 9 000 km. We also prepared 87 forecasting and analysis reports. The accuracy rate of forecasting reached about 80 percent.The results showed that strict control measures can slow down the deterioration of air quality and through this kind of team work, we can concentrate advanced technologies and research capacity on improving air quality monitoring and analysis ability of Jiangsu province.
In order to ensure that the air quality can meet the standards during the 2nd summer Youth Olympic Games in August 2014, Jiangsu environmental monitoring center invited the Institute of Atmospheric Physics，Chinese Academy of Sciences , Nanjing University and other 34 units to launch a one month air quality protection observation. At the end, we gathered about 50 thousand data and cruise observed more than 9 000 km. We also prepared 87 forecasting and analysis reports. The accuracy rate of forecasting reached about 80 percent.The results showed that strict control measures can slow down the deterioration of air quality and through this kind of team work, we can concentrate advanced technologies and research capacity on improving air quality monitoring and analysis ability of Jiangsu province.
Abstract:
To get a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric particulates in Yancheng,PM2.5 as the primary pollutant was investigated in respects of its sources,chemical composition and source apportionment. The online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used for the real time analysis of the sources of particulate matter in Yancheng from 12 am,December 16th to 9 am,December 21st,2014. The results showed that the main source of particulate matter (PM2.5) for ambient air in Yancheng was coal combustion (23.7%),followed by motor vehicle exhaust (18.3%),dust (15.7%) and biomass burning (14.8%). Industrial pollution sources,secondary inorganic sources and other sources provided relatively small contributions.
To get a comprehensive understanding of atmospheric particulates in Yancheng,PM2.5 as the primary pollutant was investigated in respects of its sources,chemical composition and source apportionment. The online single particle aerosol mass spectrometer was used for the real time analysis of the sources of particulate matter in Yancheng from 12 am,December 16th to 9 am,December 21st,2014. The results showed that the main source of particulate matter (PM2.5) for ambient air in Yancheng was coal combustion (23.7%),followed by motor vehicle exhaust (18.3%),dust (15.7%) and biomass burning (14.8%). Industrial pollution sources,secondary inorganic sources and other sources provided relatively small contributions.
Abstract:
The distribution and variation of submerged vegetation in the north of Taihu Lake in the spring of 2015 were monitored using multi source remote sensing images. This paper discussed the key problems in monitoring aquatic vegetation by using the technique. The monitoring results acquired on 28th of April based on the decision tree method showed that the area of submerged vegetation in the north of Taihu Lake was about 11.2 km2. Compared with the results obtained from the same period in 2014，the newly emerged large areas of submerged vegetation were mainly concentrated near the west of Tianji Mountain and around of Xidong Waterworks. It was suggested that submerged vegetation should be cleared away and salvaged timely to avoid the death and decay of aquatic vegetation，which posed threats to water quality.
The distribution and variation of submerged vegetation in the north of Taihu Lake in the spring of 2015 were monitored using multi source remote sensing images. This paper discussed the key problems in monitoring aquatic vegetation by using the technique. The monitoring results acquired on 28th of April based on the decision tree method showed that the area of submerged vegetation in the north of Taihu Lake was about 11.2 km2. Compared with the results obtained from the same period in 2014，the newly emerged large areas of submerged vegetation were mainly concentrated near the west of Tianji Mountain and around of Xidong Waterworks. It was suggested that submerged vegetation should be cleared away and salvaged timely to avoid the death and decay of aquatic vegetation，which posed threats to water quality.
Abstract:
Macrobenthos were investigated at 2 sections in the intertidal zone of Haizhou Bay in Oct. and Nov. 2015. We identified a total of 29 species, of which 19 species in section A and 23 species in section B. The average abundance of macrobenthos was 1 790m-2, and the average biomass was 185.11g/m2. There were great differences in the abundance and biomass of section A and B, which was mainly caused by the different sediment of the two sections. The mean Shannon-Wiener index was 2.90, with a range of 2.44~3.45. Our results indicated that the sediment has been slightly polluted.
Macrobenthos were investigated at 2 sections in the intertidal zone of Haizhou Bay in Oct. and Nov. 2015. We identified a total of 29 species, of which 19 species in section A and 23 species in section B. The average abundance of macrobenthos was 1 790m-2, and the average biomass was 185.11g/m2. There were great differences in the abundance and biomass of section A and B, which was mainly caused by the different sediment of the two sections. The mean Shannon-Wiener index was 2.90, with a range of 2.44~3.45. Our results indicated that the sediment has been slightly polluted.
Abstract:
In this study, the industry standard (the recommended method) of soil cation exchange capacity which has its disadvantages, the paper introduced a new combined technique of automatic elution combined with automatic intelligent distillation that attempted to overcome these problems. Through the comparative experiment of soil samples for real soil samples and 6 different soil standard samples, the experimental results showed that the optimal operating conditions, leaching time 20 min, washing 4 times with ethanol, the distillate 130 g. Under the better condition, Compared with the industry method, the relative standard deviation of real soil samples and 6 different soil standard samples was 0.87%～1.07%, which was much less than the industry method (3.87%～5.18%). The accuracy are also within the scope of guarantee value. The combined technique improved automation and maneuverability, and the accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the testing were in accordance with the standard requirements, which could meet the analysis requirements of large quantities of soil sample.
In this study, the industry standard (the recommended method) of soil cation exchange capacity which has its disadvantages, the paper introduced a new combined technique of automatic elution combined with automatic intelligent distillation that attempted to overcome these problems. Through the comparative experiment of soil samples for real soil samples and 6 different soil standard samples, the experimental results showed that the optimal operating conditions, leaching time 20 min, washing 4 times with ethanol, the distillate 130 g. Under the better condition, Compared with the industry method, the relative standard deviation of real soil samples and 6 different soil standard samples was 0.87%～1.07%, which was much less than the industry method (3.87%～5.18%). The accuracy are also within the scope of guarantee value. The combined technique improved automation and maneuverability, and the accuracy, precision and reproducibility of the testing were in accordance with the standard requirements, which could meet the analysis requirements of large quantities of soil sample.
Abstract:
Mass concentration, visibility ofPM10、PM2.5、PM1, and water soluble ion concentration of PM2.5and other parameters have been continuous observed， from February 9 to February 16， in 2013， in Nanjing City. Discussed the reason for the reduction of visibility and decline of air quality while a short term peak appears during the Spring Festival with fireworks. The study found that, due to the discharge of Fireworks, the concentration ofPM2.5 reached 863μg/m3in some area in a short period of time, and the visibility is only 1.2km. At the same time, PM2.5 in PM2.5中Cl-、K+andSO2-4 rose dramatically in a short time, which to some degree is relating to the release of oxidants, reducing agents and other components in fireworks. Observations during the Spring Festival Statistics found that the contribution of the fireworks discharge to water soluble ions in PM2.5is about 50%.
Mass concentration, visibility ofPM10、PM2.5、PM1, and water soluble ion concentration of PM2.5and other parameters have been continuous observed， from February 9 to February 16， in 2013， in Nanjing City. Discussed the reason for the reduction of visibility and decline of air quality while a short term peak appears during the Spring Festival with fireworks. The study found that, due to the discharge of Fireworks, the concentration ofPM2.5 reached 863μg/m3in some area in a short period of time, and the visibility is only 1.2km. At the same time, PM2.5 in PM2.5中Cl-、K+andSO2-4 rose dramatically in a short time, which to some degree is relating to the release of oxidants, reducing agents and other components in fireworks. Observations during the Spring Festival Statistics found that the contribution of the fireworks discharge to water soluble ions in PM2.5is about 50%.
Abstract:
The modified osculating method was used for the analysis of the water quality of the Yangcheng Lake as an exemplary water body. Evaluation of the east,middle,and west area of the lake water highlighted the advantages of the osculating method for evaluating water quality of complex lake ecosystem. This method uses a simple and flexible model and requires only minor amount of calculation. The result is direct and visual. Compared with previous methods which utilize a general model for evaluating water bodies that are different in time and in space,the modified osculating method is capable of providing more accurate and objective evaluation for the water distribution law in different time and in space,and of predicting the change trend of water quality. At the same time,it calculates entropy weight to determine the main pollution factors,which is different from the evaluation method of equal index weight or ignored index weight. It could make the evaluation result on water quality of lake ecosystem more reasonable.
The modified osculating method was used for the analysis of the water quality of the Yangcheng Lake as an exemplary water body. Evaluation of the east,middle,and west area of the lake water highlighted the advantages of the osculating method for evaluating water quality of complex lake ecosystem. This method uses a simple and flexible model and requires only minor amount of calculation. The result is direct and visual. Compared with previous methods which utilize a general model for evaluating water bodies that are different in time and in space,the modified osculating method is capable of providing more accurate and objective evaluation for the water distribution law in different time and in space,and of predicting the change trend of water quality. At the same time,it calculates entropy weight to determine the main pollution factors,which is different from the evaluation method of equal index weight or ignored index weight. It could make the evaluation result on water quality of lake ecosystem more reasonable.
Abstract:
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important parameter of surface energy balance components. With the rapid development of satellite remote sensing technology, satellite remote sensing has become an important approach to retrieving LST over large areas. Various satellite based retrieval algorithms have been proposed, and the Split Window algorithm has been proved to be a high precision algorithms. In this study, the LST of Wuxi was retrieved from Landsat 8 data with the SW algorithm. The retrieved LST data were further compared with both simultaneous ground measured temperature data and the MODIS LST product. Results showed that the retrieved LST had good accuracy with errors of less than 1 K. Furthermore, the Thermal Field Variance Composite Index computed from the retrieved LST data was used to analyze the spatial distribution of urban heat island. The urban heat island effect was quantified, and the effects of different land cover types on the heat island were also investigated.
Land Surface Temperature (LST) is an important parameter of surface energy balance components. With the rapid development of satellite remote sensing technology, satellite remote sensing has become an important approach to retrieving LST over large areas. Various satellite based retrieval algorithms have been proposed, and the Split Window algorithm has been proved to be a high precision algorithms. In this study, the LST of Wuxi was retrieved from Landsat 8 data with the SW algorithm. The retrieved LST data were further compared with both simultaneous ground measured temperature data and the MODIS LST product. Results showed that the retrieved LST had good accuracy with errors of less than 1 K. Furthermore, the Thermal Field Variance Composite Index computed from the retrieved LST data was used to analyze the spatial distribution of urban heat island. The urban heat island effect was quantified, and the effects of different land cover types on the heat island were also investigated.
Abstract:
Base on the data from 2007 to 2013 of particulate matter and atmospheric visibility of Panyu atmospheric composition station in Guangzhou city ,and the relative humidity(RH) data of Panyu meteorological administration station ,the variation of particulate matter for 7 years were analyzed .The data were divided into three clusters according to RH, RH ≥90%,80%0.57（PM2.5）>0.47(PM10) .When 80%0.46（PM2.5）>0.4(PM10) .While RH≥90%, the correlation was very weak, and no consistent correlation was evident.
Base on the data from 2007 to 2013 of particulate matter and atmospheric visibility of Panyu atmospheric composition station in Guangzhou city ,and the relative humidity(RH) data of Panyu meteorological administration station ,the variation of particulate matter for 7 years were analyzed .The data were divided into three clusters according to RH, RH ≥90%,80%
Abstract:
A method has been established for the determination of hexavalent chromium in soil by alkaline digestion with voltammetric polarography. Factors that can influence the measurement, including working conditions of the instrument, sizes of the mercury drop, and concentrations of the electrolyte solution have been investigated in detail. Under the optimal condition, the method detecttion limit is 7.65 μg/L, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 4.6% for seven consecutive measurements. Six parallel measurements were carried out for two samples having different concentrations of hexavalent chromium, each of which was spiked with 10 μg/L of hexavalent chromium standard. The recoveries of the hexavalent chromium were in the range of 91.4%~120% and the RSDs were no more than 5%. The results obtained from this method and the spectrophotometric method were basically consistent.
A method has been established for the determination of hexavalent chromium in soil by alkaline digestion with voltammetric polarography. Factors that can influence the measurement, including working conditions of the instrument, sizes of the mercury drop, and concentrations of the electrolyte solution have been investigated in detail. Under the optimal condition, the method detecttion limit is 7.65 μg/L, and the relative standard deviation (RSD) is 4.6% for seven consecutive measurements. Six parallel measurements were carried out for two samples having different concentrations of hexavalent chromium, each of which was spiked with 10 μg/L of hexavalent chromium standard. The recoveries of the hexavalent chromium were in the range of 91.4%~120% and the RSDs were no more than 5%. The results obtained from this method and the spectrophotometric method were basically consistent.
Abstract:
In this study, a range of environmental monitoring data were collected from the late of May 2014 by multiple on line monitoring instruments at Shanghai Pudong supersite to investigate a typical biomass burning (BB) episode in East China. Moreover, auxiliary information, including MODIS fire spots, airflow backward trajectory as well as meteorological field simulation were combined to unveil the spatial temporal evolution before, during, and after the outbreak of BB pollution event. The results showed that during the pollution episode, the average mass concentration of PM2.5and BC reached 111.90 μg/m3 and 5.38 μg/m3, respectively, which were much higher than that of before (24.3 μg/m3 and 1.24 μg/m3) and after (34.6 μg/m3 and 1.49 μg/m3) the BB pollution episode. The pollution peak occurred on 27 May (238.0 μg/m3 and 15.1 μg/m3). Under the condition of bad spread of air pollution, BB could strengthen the pollution levels of some other pollutants. Lastly, given that the transport pattern of BB plumes were subjected to meteorological field, there was no obvious correlation between the number of fire spots in the periphery and the pollution levels in Shanghai.
In this study, a range of environmental monitoring data were collected from the late of May 2014 by multiple on line monitoring instruments at Shanghai Pudong supersite to investigate a typical biomass burning (BB) episode in East China. Moreover, auxiliary information, including MODIS fire spots, airflow backward trajectory as well as meteorological field simulation were combined to unveil the spatial temporal evolution before, during, and after the outbreak of BB pollution event. The results showed that during the pollution episode, the average mass concentration of PM2.5and BC reached 111.90 μg/m3 and 5.38 μg/m3, respectively, which were much higher than that of before (24.3 μg/m3 and 1.24 μg/m3) and after (34.6 μg/m3 and 1.49 μg/m3) the BB pollution episode. The pollution peak occurred on 27 May (238.0 μg/m3 and 15.1 μg/m3). Under the condition of bad spread of air pollution, BB could strengthen the pollution levels of some other pollutants. Lastly, given that the transport pattern of BB plumes were subjected to meteorological field, there was no obvious correlation between the number of fire spots in the periphery and the pollution levels in Shanghai.
Abstract:
The paper outlined the exploration and practice of the management system of the ecological protection red line. The proposed conceptual framework of ecosystem management included seven aspects，which were area delineation，classification of management control，goal setting，dynamic monitoring，comprehensive analysis，management strategy，and adaptive adjustments. Meanwhile，three key issues were identified in ecosystem management: definition of the concept，mode of the management，and guarantee of the system. It was suggested that the ecological protection red line areas，which were also considered as the bottom line of national and regional ecological security，delineated a strict management-control boundary for areas such as important ecological functional areas，eco-environmental sensitive areas and fragile areas. On the basis of the ecosystem carrying capacity analysis，important ecological functional areas should be identified for further discrimination of the concept of ecological protection red line. Then the ecosystem management mode of the ecological protection red line should be constructed at the national level，so that the problem of integrity in management could be solved. Finally，the punishment and compensation mechanism should be perfected，for guiding public participation in delineating，managing and supervising the ecological protection red line.
The paper outlined the exploration and practice of the management system of the ecological protection red line. The proposed conceptual framework of ecosystem management included seven aspects，which were area delineation，classification of management control，goal setting，dynamic monitoring，comprehensive analysis，management strategy，and adaptive adjustments. Meanwhile，three key issues were identified in ecosystem management: definition of the concept，mode of the management，and guarantee of the system. It was suggested that the ecological protection red line areas，which were also considered as the bottom line of national and regional ecological security，delineated a strict management-control boundary for areas such as important ecological functional areas，eco-environmental sensitive areas and fragile areas. On the basis of the ecosystem carrying capacity analysis，important ecological functional areas should be identified for further discrimination of the concept of ecological protection red line. Then the ecosystem management mode of the ecological protection red line should be constructed at the national level，so that the problem of integrity in management could be solved. Finally，the punishment and compensation mechanism should be perfected，for guiding public participation in delineating，managing and supervising the ecological protection red line.
Abstract:
This paper investigated factors that influence the XRF detection of heavy metals in soil. It was confirmed that the thickness， particle size， and water content of the soil sample would affect the fluorescence intensity to a various degree， which was dependent on the energy of X rays. The results showed that low energy X rays had significantly greater influence than high energy X rays on the measurement. In order to ensure the quality analysis， soil samples should be completely dry， mixed evenly， maintained in uniform particle sizes and thickness of 10 mm when employing the XRF method for the determination of heavy metals in soil.
This paper investigated factors that influence the XRF detection of heavy metals in soil. It was confirmed that the thickness， particle size， and water content of the soil sample would affect the fluorescence intensity to a various degree， which was dependent on the energy of X rays. The results showed that low energy X rays had significantly greater influence than high energy X rays on the measurement. In order to ensure the quality analysis， soil samples should be completely dry， mixed evenly， maintained in uniform particle sizes and thickness of 10 mm when employing the XRF method for the determination of heavy metals in soil.
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